Décret Crémieux
The Décret Crémieux was a law that granted French citizenship to the approximately 35,000 Jews in the French colony of Algeria .
It was signed as Decree 136 of 1870 by Adolphe Crémieux as Minister of Justice, Léon Gambetta as Minister of the Interior, Alexandre Glais-Bizoin (MP) and Martin Fourichon as Minister of Navy and Colonial. The ministers belonged to the military government in Tours , the Gouvernement de la Défense nationale , as France was still in the Franco-Prussian War and the provisional government was based in Tours.
At the same time, the naturalization regime in the French colony of Algeria was decreed in decree 137. Decree 137 stipulated that Muslims in the French colony of Algeria were not French citizens. The aim was to maintain the status quo , that is, the rule of France over its North African colonies. This was worked out in 1875, five years later, as part of the Code de l'indigénat .
Decrees 136 and 137 were published in the Official Gazette of the City of Tours (the Bulletin officielle de la ville de Tours ) on November 7, 1870.
On October 7, 1940, the Décret Crémieux was abolished under the Vichy regime .
literature
- Pierre Birnbaum : Décret Crémieux. In: Dan Diner (Ed.): Encyclopedia of Jewish History and Culture (EJGK). Volume 2: Co-Ha. Metzler, Stuttgart / Weimar 2012, ISBN 978-3-476-02502-9 , pp. 77-80.
Footnotes
- ↑ Sheryl Ochayon: The Jews of Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia , at Yad Vashem