De-escalation

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De-escalation means preventing conflicts and escalating processes, i.e. feedback or vicious circles, and is the most difficult task in conflict management . The opposite of de-escalation is escalation . The word escalation was taken over from the synonymous English term escalation in the 1960s .

application areas

De-escalation is an important issue in nursing, because physical attacks are more common, especially in psychiatry and in the emergency room. According to studies, 72 to 78% of employees in healthcare facilities have already been verbally attacked once and 28% in Germany experience massive violence from patients or relatives at least once a month. Another dilemma of the acute psychiatric wards is that they should have a therapeutic and regulatory effect at the same time. That is why training courses on systematic de-escalation are increasingly being offered in clinics, such as the violence prevention center or PART.

De-escalation also plays a role in conflicts between teachers and students.

At the beginning of the 1980s, the German police increasingly geared their actions towards de-escalation when dealing with demonstrations . The Brokdorf decision of 1985 was an important step in this development. This resolution speaks of a "duty of cooperation and communication as well as professional public relations work by the police". The effort to de-escalate was already evident in the changed choice of words. In the mid-1980s, attempts were made to avoid undesirable associations with the terms "baton" and "stick" by using the term "multi-purpose baton" (MES). Police horses are often used to control situations where a group of people has the potential to be aggressive. Even if this is mostly a non-violent measure that can cause the situation to cool down, it is more likely to be classified as a threat. De-escalating measures in the true sense are based on bridging differences between the parties and jointly reducing the potential for aggression.

The term de-escalation is also used in peace service .

De-escalation techniques

The de-escalation is non-aggressive choice of words and behavior. Terms with negative connotations should also be avoided.

The following conversation techniques are said to have a de-escalating effect:

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Hans Schulz, Otto Basler: German Foreign Dictionary: Eau de Cologne-Futurism . 2004, ISBN 3-11-018021-9 , pp. 239 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  2. ↑ a b Tim Bärsch, Marian Rohde: De-escalation in care. Violence prevention - de-escalating communication - protective techniques . 2017, ISBN 978-3-8391-8987-0 , pp. 6 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  3. ↑ Undine Lang: Innovative Psychiatry with Open Doors. De-escalation and participation in acute psychiatry . 2012, ISBN 978-3-642-32030-9 , pp. 2 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  4. ↑ A. Rabeneck: Professional handling of aggression and violence. BAG survey 2011 on the establishment and effects of training programs in child and adolescent psychiatric clinics . In: PED - KJP Federal Working Group (ed.): Focus on de-escalation & deprivation of liberty. De-escalating and deprivation of liberty measures in child and adolescent psychiatry and youth welfare . 2012, ISBN 978-3-8448-9490-5 , pp. 51 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  5. ^ Anne Boerger, Manuela Brandt, Günter Fuchs, Wernder Mayer, Olaf Stulich, Udo Wortelboer: Psychiatric care in various care situations . In: Stephanie Amberger (Ed.): Psychiatry care and psychotherapy . 2010, ISBN 978-3-13-148821-3 , pp. 132 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  6. ^ Rolf Göppel: Teachers, students and conflicts . 2007, ISBN 978-3-7815-1542-0 , pp. 90 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  7. ↑ a b c Reinhard Haselow, Stefan Noethen and Klaus Weinhauer: The development of the state police . In: Hans-Jürgen Lange (Ed.): State, Democracy and Internal Security in Germany . 2013, ISBN 978-3-663-11467-3 , pp. 145 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  8. ↑ Fabian Friedmann: Police and fans - a disturbed relationship? An empirical study of violent spectator behavior in German professional football . 2009, ISBN 978-3-8366-8182-7 , pp. 62 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  9. ↑ Michael Sturm: "Everything will be soft under me" - A story of the police baton . In: Alf Lüdtke, Herbert Reinke, Michael Sturm (eds.): Police, violence and the state in the 20th century . 2011, ISBN 978-3-531-93385-6 , pp. 335 ( limited preview in Google Book search).

literature

  • Wolf, Gunther; Schaffner, Kurt: Successful conflict management: Recognize differences, use tensions, resolve conflicts . Verlag Dashöfer, Hamburg 2006, ISBN 3-938553-83-9
  • Fritz Hücker: Rhetorical de-escalation, de-escalative operation management, stress and conflict management in police operations . Richard Boorberg Verlag, Stuttgart / Munich, 4th edition 2017, ISBN 978-3-415-05822-4 .
  • Peter Billing: Escalation and de-escalation of international conflicts - a conflict model based on the empirical evaluation of 288 international conflicts since 1945. Lang, Bern 1992, ISBN 3-631-44524-5

Web links

Wiktionary: De-escalation  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations