Deodorization
Under deodorization ( lat. , Verb: deodorize ) refers to the intended concealment (technically also targeted removal) of the - usually unwanted - specific odors of perfumes, their Odors . The term deodorant , which was originally called deodorant , is derived from this term .
Deodorization is z. B. in cosmetics , in cooking , in the refining of vegetable oil , in the chemical industry or in buildings . The method is usually either oxidation or adsorption of the odorous substances. Chlorinated lime , sodium hypochlorite , sodium peroxide or sodium perborate are used as oxidizing agents in the chemical industry .
Deodorization of vegetable oil
In vegetable oil refining from crude oil to refined vegetable oil (for use as edible oil, for example ), the final step is deodorization. In chemical refining, odor and taste-intensive accompanying substances such as carbonyl compounds , hydrocarbons and free fatty acids, but also volatile compounds and pesticides are removed from the oil by steam distillation under vacuum ("steaming"). For this purpose, steam ("stripping steam") is blown into the dried oil, which is heated to 200 to 230 ° C. The process takes between 20 and 60 minutes and is energy-intensive, as 8 to 12 kilograms of water vapor are required per ton of oil. With physical refining, deodorization is carried out in one step with deacidification , which is also distillative . The high temperatures during deodorization reduce the content of certain desired accompanying substances in the oil as well as the nutritionally positive tocopherols .
Cosmetics
For cosmetic products for the prevention and elimination of body odor, a distinction between deodorants ( deodorants ) and antiperspirants ( antiperspirants ).
Deodorants have a bacteria-inhibiting effect and thus prevent the development of unpleasant odors, which are caused by the bacterial decomposition process of sweat on the skin. In addition, the perfuming of the products obscures unpleasant body odors.
Antiperspirants reduce sweat secretion by temporarily narrowing the sweat glands. All antiperspirants also have an antimicrobial effect and are therefore also deodorants. Deodorants and antiperspirants are offered as sprays (aerosol), pump sprays, pens, rollers and occasionally as emulsions (cream).
literature
- Martin Kaltschmitt, Hans Hartmann, Hermann Hofbauer (Hrsg.): Energy from biomass. Basics, techniques and procedures . 2nd Edition. Springer, 2009, ISBN 978-3-540-85094-6 , pp. 720-725 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Brockhaus ABC chemistry. VEB FA Brockhaus, Leipzig 1965, p. 277.
- ↑ From crude oil to cooking oil. The fat processing. In: inform24.de. Retrieved July 28, 2009 .
- ^ Wilfried Umbach: Cosmetics and hygiene . 3. Edition. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 2004, ISBN 3-527-30996-9 , pp. 358 ff .