German-speaking emigration to Bolivia 1933–1945
The German-speaking emigration to Bolivia 1933-1945 affected at least 12,000 people, many of them on the northern Chilean ports of Antofagasta and Arica came into the country and mainly in La Paz settled. Many of these refugees moved to either the USA or neighboring Latin American countries before 1943 . In 1945 only around 4,800 emigrants lived in Bolivia .
Immigration with legal barriers
In relation to its own population, no American state has saved the lives of Jewish emigrants. Nevertheless, Bolivia's immigration laws have been tightened since 1938 and were shaped by racist arguments. In a “Circular Ministerial” sent to the consulates in June 1938 it was stated that the borders of Bolivia were open to all refugees, but that this did not apply to “inmigrantes negros” and other people who were a threat to the preservation and improvement of the Bolivian race ("raza boliviana") represented. In May 1939, all immigration was prohibited for six months; from August 1939, only farmers and people with a capital of at least 1,250 US dollars were allowed to enter. On April 30, 1940, a law ended travel to Bolivia for an unlimited period. Visas that had already been issued remained valid for a quarter of a year.
See also
literature
- Irmtrud Wojak , Bolivia , in: Claus-Dieter Krohn (ed.), Handbuch der Deutschensprachigen Emigration 1933–1945 , special edition, 2nd, unchanged edition, Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 2008, ISBN 978-3-534-21999-5 , Pp. 174-182.
- Patrik von zur Mühlen : Latin America as an escape destination. German emigration 1933 - 1945 , Bonn: Verl. Neue Gesellschaft, 1988, ISBN 3-87831-472-8 .
- León E. Bieber: Jewish life in Bolivia. The wave of immigration 1938–1940 , Berlin: Metropol, 2012, ISBN 978-3-86331-023-3 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Irmtrud Wojak, Bolivia , in: Claus-Dieter Krohn (ed.), Handbuch der Deutschensprachigen Emigration 1933–1945 , special edition, 2nd, unchanged edition, Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 2008, pp. 174–182, here p. 176 f.
- ↑ Irmtrud Wojak, Bolivien , in: Claus-Dieter Krohn (ed.), Handbuch der Deutschensprachigen Emigration 1933–1945 , special edition, 2nd, unchanged edition, Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 2008, pp. 174–182, here p. 177 f.