Dismissal (cricket)
In the sport of cricket , dismissal means that a batsman has been eliminated. The same thing is meant when talking about losing a wicket .
Appeal
The arbitrator , who has to decide whether the conditions for a dismissal are met, cannot make such a decision of his own accord. Rather, he has to wait until one of the eleven field players asks him to do so. This is called an appeal , which is always accompanied by the (loud) question How's that? addressed to the referee. The player does not have to refer to a certain rule, the referee automatically has to consider all possibilities, but the game situation usually makes it clear what the field team is referring to.
An appeal can be made until the bowler starts to throw the next throw or until the referee has declared a break or the end of the day by calling "Time".
In most cases, the referee at the bowler's end of the pitch is responsible, only in the case of stumped , hit wicket and run-out at the opposite end of the pitch, the local referee is responsible.
If the referee decides to “off”, he lifts his index finger, otherwise he calls out loudly “not out”. Often the situation is so clear that the batsman leaves his wicket on his own initiative.
The opinion that the batsman should in any case voluntarily leave the field of play ( to walk ) without waiting for the decision of the referee , when he himself knows he is out, is a controversial view among cricketers, of the rules it is not required. The batsman does not take any risk, however, as the referee has to bring him back immediately if he was actually not eliminated.
Destruction of the wicket
In four of the ten possible ways to be eliminated, the wicket itself plays the main role. This must be destroyed in a regular manner.
This can be done by the striker himself in the case of a hit wicket , his bat or part of his equipment, in the case of a bowled by the bowler's throw , in the case of run out by any member of the field team and finally in the case of stumped by the wicket-keeper .
The conditions for this are set out in Rule 28 of the Laws of Cricket :
The wicket is considered destroyed ( put down ), if at least one of the two transverse rods ( bails ) completely from the top of the bars ( stumps away) or a rod is struck from the ground. Just touching the ball with the wicket is not enough.
The outfield players or the wicket keeper may throw, kick, etc., or destroy the wicket with their hand or arm, provided the player is holding the ball in the corresponding hand. He can also pull a stick out of the ground if he is holding the ball in this hand or hands.
If the wicket is not destroyed in a legal manner, the game is not interrupted, however, the field team can immediately repair part or all of the wicket in order to keep the possibility of destruction open. The same applies if the wicket was destroyed correctly, but the batsman was not eliminated, for example because he got behind his line in time.
As soon as the ball is dead, i.e. the game is interrupted, the umpire must restore the wicket to its original state.
If the wind is very strong, the referees can decide not to use the bails for both wickets. In this case, according to the conditions above, the wicket is deemed destroyed if it is hit by the ball or striker.
The Batsman's Ground
In the case of run out and stumped , the responsible referee must decide whether the batsman was safe behind his popping crease when the wicket was destroyed.
In order to be behind the line, the batsman has to touch the ground behind the line with a part of his body or his bat, which he has to hold in his hand in the latter case. As this line the inside edge of the mark is valid, on the white marking is therefore not sufficient.
For run out it is also important which of the two batsmen has actually been eliminated. In most cases this is obvious from the game situation. However, it is always defined which batsman has to come behind which line in order to be safe. It can never be the same line for both batsmen. The following applies: Whoever is first or alone behind the line is safe there (the other batsman then automatically belongs to the other end of the pitch); if both batsmen are just between the hitting lines, the closest line is the decisive one (if the height is the same, the situation immediately before applies).
How a batsman can be eliminated
A Dismissal may happen in various ways, the most common are bowled , caught , leg before wicket (LBW), stumped and run out . Hit wicket , handled the ball , hit the ball twice , obstructing the field and timed out are much rarer .
A wicket is credited to the bowler if it is bowled , caught , LBW , stumped or hit wicket , as these can be viewed as a direct result of the throw. Therefore, in the event of an illegal throw ( no ball ) , the striker can only be eliminated by run out , handled the ball , hit the ball twice and obstructing the field .
With a wide only stumped , hit wicket , run out and obstructing the field are possible.
Rule 2.9 (b): Retired
This is an eleventh type of elimination without a rule of its own. Should a batsman the game for reasons other than an injury, illness or, accepted the referee exceptional circumstances, he may resume his innings with the consent of the opposing captain again, otherwise he is considered resigned as Retired - out .
If he has to leave the field of play because of an injury etc. and he does not return, his team cannot claim a replacement for him, but his innings will be counted as 'Retired - not out'. He may return as soon as another batsman is eliminated or leaves the field of play.
Display on the scorecard: <Name of the batsman> retired out
Rule 30: Bowled
If the bowler's throw destroys the wicket (see above) the striker is out. This also applies if the striker touches the ball on the way to the wicket ( played on ).
As soon as a field player touches the ball after the throw, the striker can no longer be eliminated. Bowled always takes precedence over other types of elimination.
Display on the scorecard: <Name of the batsman> b <Name of the bowler>
Rule 31: Timed out
If a new player needs more than three minutes after the last batsman has been eliminated to be ready enough for him to line up at the wicket or for his partner to receive the next ball, he is out. If no new batsman appears, the referees must investigate the matter and, if necessary, award the game to the other team. But neither of these has ever occurred in the Cricket Test .
Display on the scorecard: <Name of the batsman> timed out
Rule 32: Caught
The striker hits the ball with the bat and a field player catches the ball before it hits the ground again. If the wicket keeper catches the ball it is called caught behind , if the bowler himself catches the ball it is called caught and bowled .
The catch is deemed to have been completed fairly as soon as the outfield player has gained full control of the ball as well as his own movements and remains in the field of play while touching the ball. For example, if a field player catches a high ball while stepping on the outside line, the striker is not out; on the contrary, he is credited with six runs for the boundary . The field player who first touched the ball must also not have jumped up from outside the field of play if he is not in contact with the ground. A catch is also no longer possible as soon as the ball has touched a helmet worn by a field player.
Sometimes the batsmen run a high stroke before a field player has properly caught the ball. This run is not counted, but the batsman who has not been eliminated remains inconsistently at the end of the pitch where he is currently standing. The same applies if a catch was prevented by an obstruction under rule 37 below. This changing of the pitch ends even applies as soon as the two batsmen have run past each other.
Apart from bowled , a catch always has priority over other types of elimination.
Display on the scorecard: <Name of the batsman> c <Name of the catcher> b <Name of the bowler> or <Name of the batsman> c & b <Name of the bowler>
Rule 33: Handled the ball
If the striker deliberately touches the ball with his hand before the actual stroke situation is complete, he is out. A typical case is the kicking of the ball in a reflex to protect one's own wicket. Handled the ball only appeared seven times in the Cricket test .
Representation on the scorecard: <Name of the batsman> handled the ball
Rule 34: Hit the ball twice
The striker must not intentionally hit the ball a second time. Any body contact with the ball, except with the hand, and of course also contact with the bat, is considered a “hit” (only in the sense of this rule). The striker is allowed one exception, however, he may protect his wicket with a second stroke, so he does not have to sit and watch if, for example, the ball rolls dangerously towards his wicket after the first stick contact.
A catch under rule 32 above is no longer possible if the ball has touched the ground between the two "strokes". If a second hit is made to return the ball to the field team, he is not eliminated under this rule, but under rule 37 below, the same applies if he prevents a catch even with a permitted second hit .
Also Hit the ball twice is in Test cricket so far not occurred.
Representation on the scorecard: <Name of the batsman> hit the ball twice
Rule 35: Hit wicket
The striker is out if, as explained above, he himself destroys his own wicket. This applies from the moment in which the bowler started his actual throwing process and until he has finished the hitting process himself, and also when he starts his first run immediately after the possibility of hitting .
However, if he destroys his wicket while trying to get behind his striking line as quickly as possible because of a possible run-out , or because he wants to avoid a ball thrown out of the field, he is not out. Saving your own life is therefore allowed without penalty.
Display on the scorecard: <name of the batsman> hit wicket b <name of the bowler>
Rule 36: Leg before wicket (LBW)
The striker must defend his wicket with the bat against the ball. However, if he prevents the ball from hitting the wicket with his body, not necessarily his legs and not necessarily intentionally, then at least one condition for LBW is met.
So that the referee can decide on LBW, the ball must not have landed on the leg-side, i.e. the half of the field in the back of the striker, the first and therefore decisive body hit must be made before every stick contact and this point of impact must be on a line between the wickets were lying. There is an exception to the latter condition, however, if the striker has not made a serious attempt to play the ball, the point of impact may also have been on the off-side.
Display on the scorecard: <Name of the batsman> lbw b <Name of the bowler>
Rule 37: Obstructing the field
A batsman is out if he deliberately hinders or distracts a member of the field team by word or deed. This also includes the deliberate touch of the ball, e.g. B. with the hand after the actual stroke situation is completed and without a field player having expressly allowed this. If a catch is prevented by a handicap , the striker is off in any case.
Such an out only occurred once in the 130-year history of test cricket when the famous English batsman Len Hutton prevented a catch against South Africa on the London Oval in 1951 while trying to knock the ball off his own wicket.
Display on the scorecard: <Name of the batsman> obstructing the field
Rule 38: Run out
If, as explained above, a batsman does not get behind his striking line in time while the field team uses the ball to destroy his wicket, he is run out . The decisive factor is not whether the batsman has attempted a Run Walk, just the fact that he is not behind the line.
However, a batsman may leave his safe ground behind the line in order to avoid injury without risking being eliminated. If the ball flies straight onto the wicket from a helmet worn by a field player, the batsman is not off either.
Sometimes it happens that the striker hits the ball back in a straight line and unintentionally hits the wicket at the other end of the pitch, while his partner, the non-striker, is already in front of the line (popping crease). As long as the ball does not touch an outfield player on the way, typically the bowler, this has no consequence and the game is not interrupted. If so, the non-striker is over.
A slightly less unfortunate way to be eliminated for the non-striker is that the bowler, during his run-up, but before his throw, destroys the wicket at his end if he realizes that the non-striker is already in front of the line. The batsman is allowed to do the latter, even if he gains an advantage for reaching the other end of the pitch. It is usually common for the bowler to warn the batsman in advance in such a case, but he is not obliged to do so. A famous incident of such a run-out occurred in 1947 in a test match between Australia and India in Sydney by Indian bowler Vinoo Mankad. Since then, this type of elimination has been ironically referred to as to mankad among cricketers . In contrast to then, however, the bowler is no longer permitted to run such a run out as soon as he has started his final throwing swing.
If the batsmen have already run runs from this ball before the run out , these points are retained. For the only exception to this rule, see Runner .
Display on the scorecard: <name of the batsman> run out or (unofficially) <name of the batsman> run out (<names of the field players involved>)
Rule 39: Stumped
This out has something of a tightened run out and would not actually be necessary as a separate “criminal offense”.
The striker must be in front of his line while receiving the ball without attempting a run, the ball must not be a no ball , and the wicket keeper must destroy the wicket alone, without the help of a teammate. If only one of these conditions is not met, it is no longer a stumped , but almost always a run-out , which is no consolation for the batsman.
A statistically significant difference, however, is that the stumped is credited to the bowler, the run-out is not.
However, if the fact that the ball was a no ball is the only reason that there is no stumped , then the striker is not a run out , even though the conditions for it are actually met. Otherwise, the striker would not be protected from a stumped in the event of an illegal throw , which would ultimately only go under a different name.
Display on the scorecard: <Name of the batsman> st <Name of the wicket-keeper> b <Name of the bowler>
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Remarks
- ↑ a b Since October 2013 it is no longer possible to handle the ball with a wide. Until then, both batsmen could also be eliminated by handled the ball . See Law 25 changes - Wide Ball
- ↑ a b Off-Side↔Leg-Side: From the perspective of the umpire at the bowler end of the pitch, if he looks in the direction of the right-handed striker at the other end of the pitch, the left half of the field is the off-side, the right half is the leg-side, also called on-side. With a left-handed striker, it's the other way around.
- ^ Law 37 changes - Out Obstructing the Field