Run (cricket)
A team's points in cricket are given in runs .
With rare exceptions, runs can only be scored by the team batting in the current innings . From this, the so-called batting side , there are always two batsmen on the field at the same time. They each occupy one end of the pitch . The one of the two batsmen who is currently on strike is called the striker , the other batsman is the non-striker . In games with two innings per team, the runs from both rounds are added together.
A batsman's hundred runs during an inning are called a century , and 50 runs are often called a half-century or fifty .
Batting runs
Those runs that are the result of a strike by the striker are always credited to him personally. These runs for which they are responsible are negatively credited to the bowler concerned .
Runs run
A run is usually achieved when the striker knocks the bowler's ball away, and both batsmen then run to the other end of the pitch and swap places with it. Both batsmen must get behind the popping crease (hitting line or “line” for short), which is 1.22 m in front of the respective wicket . “Behind” means that your body or the club you are holding must touch the ground beyond the white line marking.
You can repeat this process as often as you like, which means you get another run every time. In the meantime, however, the field team will bring the ball back to one of the ends of the pitch as quickly as possible in order to destroy the wicket there. If you succeed before the closer batsman has got behind the line, he is eliminated and the last attempted run does not count (see Run Out ). It does not matter whether this affects the original striker or non-striker and at which end of the pitch the out occurs, although all runs are only credited to the striker.
Whether at all or how often they try to change the pitch ends is entirely up to the two batsmen. You have to decide quickly whether there will be enough time for the field team to bring the ball back. In general, the decision lies with the batsman who would run to the so-called Danger End , i.e. the end of the pitch to which the field team is most likely to throw in the given game situation. It is common to give the appropriate signal with simple commands 'Yes', 'No' or 'Wait' (if the situation is still unclear).
If the batsmen have run an odd number of runs, then the right to hit changes to the previous non-striker , who then becomes the striker . However, if the last throw was the last ball of the running overs , then the right to hit changes with an even number of runs, since the next over is bowled from the other end of the pitch .
Boundary
If the striker hits the ball out of the field of play by rolling the ball along the ground or at least once in front of the boundary , this counts four runs. If the two batsmen already ran runs before the ball reached the edge of the field, these do not count and the two batsmen must return to their original pitch ends. Only in the very unlikely event that more than four runs are made would these then be scored.
If the striker hits the ball high over the edge of the field of play, so that it only comes back outside the field of play, this counts for six runs. This also applies if the ball still lands on the boundary marking.
A boundary (4 or 6) is also achieved if the ball in play comes into contact with an object or field player who is in contact with the outer field or even just the boundary marking. For example, if a skater hits the boundary while attempting to catch the ball but before the catch is considered complete. The first outfield player to touch the ball after a stroke is also not allowed to jump from outside the boundary.
A Boundary-4 can also be achieved in connection with extras (see below), but never a Boundary-6, as this must always follow from one beat.
A boundary-4 is indicated by the umpire by making a wave-like motion from side to side and back with one arm. With a Boundary-6, he extends both arms upwards.
The two referees must agree on the actual runs to be awarded for boundarys with both captains before the game, as local traditions sometimes deviate from the 4/6 standard. However, whether an obstacle or a person on the field (e.g. a tree) is treated like a boundary must be decided by the referees alone before the toss. By default, this is not the case.
Extras
Extras are runs that do not come from a single stroke and are therefore not credited to the striker. But it doesn't make any difference to his team.
Bowling extras
Bowling extras result from an infraction or mistake by the bowler. Therefore, all the resulting runs are counted negatively for the bowler.
No ball
An invalid throw by the bowler is called a no ball . The referee immediately calls out "No Ball" and extends one arm horizontally.
The batting team is automatically credited with a run as a No Ball Extra , but the striker can hit the ball and, as explained above, run or score a boundary. These runs are then counted in addition to the extra run and, as they come from a stroke, in contrast to the extra run, are credited to the striker.
Sometimes the ball even rolls to the boundary without touching the club. This is then punished with four additional no ball extras.
In some leagues, contrary to the rules, two extras are counted for a no ball. Until autumn 2000, the No Ball Extra was only counted if no other runs resulted from this ball.
Wide
In cricket, there is no hit or throw zone into which the bowler has to "throw" (bowl). However, if, in the opinion of the referee, the ball is bowled so far past the striker that the striker cannot hit it “using a normal cricket stroke”, it is considered wide. In one-day games, in particular One-Day Internationals and International Twenty20 games, all balls that are bowled onto the leg side of the striker and wicket, i.e. into his back, are generally rated as wide.
The striker cannot “convert” an otherwise fair ball to wide by, for example, taking a step away from the ball, but he can convert a ball that would otherwise have been wide into a valid ball by getting in far enough Moving direction of the ball.
The referee indicates a wide by immediately shouting "Wide Ball" and holding out both arms horizontally.
The wide also automatically counts an extra run and, like the no ball, must be repeated. But in contrast to the no ball, the ball cannot be hit by the striker by definition. As with a no ball, the ball can roll to the boundary, which also brings four more wides.
Fielding extras
These runs are not the result of a throwing error and are therefore never given negative credit to the bowler. Byes, however, are generally viewed as a mistake by the wicket keeper .
Bye
Byes are runs that the two batsmen ran like normal runs (see above), with the difference that the striker did not hit the ball and it was not hit by the ball. The batsmen usually only have the opportunity to do so if the wicket keeper behind the striker fails to stop a ball that the striker has not hit, intentionally or unintentionally.
After the ball is dead, the referee will signal “Byes” by extending one arm up with an open hand.
In this case, a ball rolling to the boundary only earns a total of four byes, since a bye is not a penalty point as in the sense of the bowling extras.
If runs are run in this way on a ball shown as No Ball or Wide, they are not counted as Byes but in the corresponding category.
Leg bye
If the striker is hit by the ball, the two batsmen can run leg byes. However, in the opinion of the referee, the striker must have either tried to play the ball or dodged the ball. Because the ball is deflected in an unpredictable way, leg byes are not runs that are counted as errors by the wicket keeper.
After the ball is dead, the referee will indicate "Leg Byes" by touching a raised knee with his hand.
In this case, too, a total of four leg byes are counted if the ball rolls to the boundary.
If runs are run in this way on a ball indicated as no ball, they are not counted as leg byes but as no balls. By definition, a wide cannot occur when a body is touched.
Penalties
Penalties, which are always rated with five runs, were only introduced as an explicit extra category in 2000. Since then it has also been possible for the first time for the field team to be able to score runs, or penalties. If possible, these will be added to the runs of her last innings, otherwise to her first innings.
Penalties in favor of the batting team
- A player enters the field of play without the referee's approval and touches the ball in play
- Illegal play of the ball by a field player. The ball may only be played with the body. So you can't stop him with a cap, for example.
- A field player's helmet lying on the ground is hit by the ball. The field team must lay helmets that are no longer used on the ground behind the wicket keeper.
- Ball manipulation. Polishing the ball without artificial substances is permitted.
- Intentional distraction of the Strikers
- Deliberate distraction or obstruction of a batsman after the strike
- Game delay
- Damage to the pitch
Penalties in favor of the field team
- Deliberate short runs
- Game delay
- Damage to the pitch
- Steal runs. The batsmen must not try to run during the bowler run.
- Unauthorized exercises on the field
The exact allocation of penalty points is regulated in a very complicated way, as, among other things, a warning is sometimes given first.
Penalties in favor of the batting team are indicated by the referee repeatedly tapping his hand on the further shoulder. In penalties for the field team, he puts his hand on the more distant shoulder.
Overthrow
Sometimes it happens that an outfield player who tries to throw the ball back to one of the wickets throws the ball over the target. This can give the batsmen an opportunity to run more runs. If the ball even reaches the outer line (boundary) as a result of such a "wild throw", then, in deviation from the other rules, all runs already run at the moment of the throw- back are counted in addition to this boundary-4. If the two batsmen had already run past each other at the moment of the throwback, the run that was started will also be counted.
Short run
If a batsman does not touch the ground beyond the hitting line when reversing to another run , that run does not count and is indicated by the referee as a short run after the ball is dead. He touches his nearer shoulder with one hand and calls out "Short run". Although theoretically the next run cannot be run in full length due to the premature turning back, it still counts if it is successfully completed. Both batsmen are allowed to start their first run from in front of their line. However, there is a run-out risk, especially for the non-striker.
If both referees have identified a short run (s) at the end of their pitch, they must agree on how many runs were actually scored. Because if both batsmen are to blame for a short run at the same run attempt, only one run can be deducted. Every single run attempt is treated separately.
Deliberate short runs by one or both batsmen will revoke all runs from this ball. In the event of repetition, this also has further consequences, see penalties above.
Lost Ball
This is a rarely used rule. If the ball (on the pitch) cannot be found or retrieved, each of the field players may shout "Lost Ball", whereupon the game is immediately interrupted. Six runs are credited to the batting team, unless more runs have been scored from that ball otherwise. If the striker had hit the ball, these runs are credited to him.
Test-match records
In test cricket , the future Australian knight Donald Bradman achieved an average of 99.94 runs per wicket (elimination) in his 52 tests between 1928 and 1948, which has been a lonely world record since then. It was followed by the South African Graeme Pollock (23 tests from 1963 to 1970), the Jamaican George Headley (22 tests from 1930 to 1954) and the Englishman Herbert Sutcliffe (54 tests from 1924 to 1935) with averages of just under 61 runs per wicket .
Brian Lara from Trinidad reached the record for runs in a test match innings with 400 runs (not out). He set this record in the 2003-04 Test series against England. This is followed by the Australian Matthew Hayden with 380 against Zimbabwe a few months earlier and Brian Lara again in third place, this time with 375 runs. He also achieved this first record against England and in the same stadium at Antigua Recreation Ground in St. John's , Antigua , but ten years before his existing world record.
The highest number of runs in their entire test-match career was achieved by Indian Sachin Tendulkar with 13,447 in 271 innings since 1989, Brian Lara with 11,953 in 232 innings between 1990 and 2006 and Ricky Ponting from Australia with 11,928 runs in 243 innings since 1995 .
(All information as of June 1, 2010)
References and comments
- ↑ However, it must be taken into account that a run that has been started, in which the batsmen have already passed each other at the moment of the boundary, is regarded as a run.
- ↑ Rules of the Game - English Pro40 League, Rule 9 ( Memento of the original from September 3, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 46 kB)
- ^ Marylebone Cricket Club, London: The Laws of Cricket (1980 Code), Second Edition - 1992, (Law 24.8)
- ^ Law 17 changes - Practice on the Field
