Umpire (cricket)
The umpire is the referee of a cricket match. His job is to direct a match between two teams. He pays attention to compliance with the formal process of a match, the allocation of points and the elimination of a batsman ( wicket ). So in general he pays attention to the observance of the Laws of Cricket , the rules of cricket.
The umpires of the 10 test playing nations are appointed by the International Cricket Council . They are considered the best referees and are organized in the so-called Emirates Elite Panel of ICC Umpires . Each umpire receives a 1-year contract. In addition to a basic salary, the umpire receives a match fee for each test match (US $ 3,000) and One Day International (US $ 1000) that he conducts. Each umpire conducts 8–10 test matches and 10–15 ODIs per year .
Course of the game
Before the start of a match, the umpires must decide whether a match can take place at all. The start of the game can be postponed in the event of heavy rain. Furthermore, the condition of the ticket is checked with regard to its playability. If a match can only be started after a delay, the over number for both teams is reduced ( Duckworth-Lewis method ). Even if the sun is shining and a game is possible, but it has rained beforehand, the umpires must decide whether the match can be started or the start has to be postponed because the cricket field itself is still too wet. Only when the playing field is completely dry can a match begin.
A coin toss is performed before each match. The umpire asks the captains of both teams onto the field. The coin is tossed up and the captain who wins the coin toss decides which team can beat first. The coin toss is always 30 minutes before the start of a match. The team captains also give the umpire a list of the 11 starting players. These players take part in the match and the player list cannot be changed afterwards.
In international and national matches, the two umpires are the first to step onto the cricket field. This is followed by the fielding team and then the two opening batsmen of the batting team. The two umpires position themselves as follows: An umpire has long been standing by the wicket . This allows him to see whether the ball hits the wickets and the batsman is out or whether the bowler is crossing the line. If this is the case, he pronounces a no-ball. This position is known as the bowler's end umpire . It signals the runs (boundaries), outs (wicket), leg-bys, no-balls and wides. In modern cricket, he can access the TV umpire in contentious situations . The second umpire stands at right angles across from the end of the batsman. Therefore it is called striker's end umpire or square-leg umpire . He pays attention to run-outs, wides and no-balls in terms of height. Of the two umpires, the bowler's end umpire is the lead umpire and his decisions are final. After each over the two umpires change their positions.
During a test match , the umpire ends the game after a period of play by removing the bails from the stumps . Then there is a break: lunch or tea . The umpire ends the game one day (usually 7:00 p.m. local time, or earlier depending on the weather) by removing the bails from the stumps. One then speaks of stumps .
In the Indian Premier League season, the Fair Play Award is given to a team each season . The umpire team awards points after each match. The umpires evaluate how the players play in the spirit of cricket .
equipment
During a cricket match, the umpire must be prepared for all eventualities and the following equipment is available to him:
- Hand counter - is mainly used for tests and Odis, so the umpire counts the runs achieved
- Bails - If the bails break on the stumps, the umpire can immediately replace them with new bails
- Ball measuring device - this is used to measure the cricket ball . If it no longer fits through the device due to dents or damage, it is removed from the game and a new ball is used.
- Stump gauge - an instrument with which the correct distance between the 3 stumps can be measured and determined
- Bat Gauge - an instrument used to control the size of the bat
- Sunglasses, headgear - since the umpire is in full sun all day, these two things are essential.
- Contrast glasses - often used in T20 matches. yellow glasses, so the umpire can better follow the ball in semi-darkness or twilight
- Light meter - used in test matches. The device measures the brightness. Below a certain brightness value, the umpire interrupts or ends the match.
- Walkie-Talkie - to get in touch with the TV umpire
- Head Set - this allows the umpire to contact the TV umpire
- Camera - only seen in T20 format. The umpire wears a camera on his baseball cap or special sunglasses, the viewer can see spectacular catches or run-outs in front of the television from the umpires' point of view, competes in the Big Bash League (since 2012) and the Indian Premier League (since 2014) used.
The umpires don't wear all of these items all the time. The equipment varies depending on the format, country and league.
Signals of the umpire
The umpire signals during a match so that all players and spectators can see what is going on. The signals of the umpire are set out in Cricket Laws 3.14.
- Raised, outstretched index finger - signal for wicket
- Wiping movement at chest level - signal for boundary (4 runs)
- both hands in the air - signal for boundary (6 runs)
- "paints" a rectangle in the air - signal for the TV umpire
- both arms outstretched - signal for wide
- raises right arm - signal for bye
- Knock on the thigh - signal for leg bye
- Tap the shoulder with the index finger - signal for the bowler, the ball is counted as a bouncer . Only one bouncer is allowed per over , the second is counted as wide .
- Arm is stretched out to the side and then it is lifted and the index finger is made a circular movement - signal for a no ball , free hit
- the umpire crosses his arms at hip height - dead ball
- Circular movement with outstretched arm - signal for the start of power play
- Arm up and tap on the wrist (on an imaginary clock) - signal for last hour , in county cricket and test match, signal for the last hour of the day in which the game is played.
TV umpire
The TV umpire (often called third umpire) follows the match in front of a screen. The third umpire was first used in international cricket in November 1992 in a test between South Africa and India . The first batsman to be eliminated from the third umpire out was Sachin Tendulkar by a run out .
The TV umpire is used in contentious situations. The umpire in the field draws a rectangle in the air. This is the signal for the TV umpire to watch the last action again. It is used for possible catches, run-outs, LBWs and boundaries. The third umpire can see the situation on a screen from different camera angles and in slow motion . In addition to the repetition, various technical options of the Decision Review System are also available to him. He then reports the result to the umpire on the field via the headset.
The third umpire may only change the field umpire's decision if the video material is clear. If the TV umpire cannot make a clear decision, the decision of the field umpire remains.
Match referee
The match referee is the fourth referee on an international level. It is only used in tests and one day internationals . The match referee only pays attention to the formal course of a cricket match. He never intervenes in the game itself. The match referee ensures compliance with the ICC Cricket Code of Conduct , including match fixing and unsportsmanlike behavior by a player. Should a player or umpire break the rules, the match can issue referee penalties. The penalties range from fines to match bans to life-long bans for the player. (see also Match Fixing )
Others
New Zealand umpire Billy Bowden is famous for his hand gestures. Because of his disease ( rheumatoid arthritis ), he cannot stretch his fingers properly. To signal a wicket, he raises his right hand and extends his curved index finger upwards. This gesture is known as the crooked finger of doom .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Law 3 (Umpires) ( English ) Marylebone Cricket Club. Retrieved July 18, 2016.
- ↑ ICC Cricket Umpires Salaries & Match Fees In 2016 ( English ) totalsportek. Retrieved July 21, 2016.
- ↑ Cricket Match Officials ( English ) ICC. Archived from the original on September 8, 2015. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved July 18, 2016.
- ^ Law 3.10 - Position of umpires ( English ) Marylebone Cricket Club. Retrieved July 18, 2016.
- ↑ Fair Play Award ( English ) IPL. Retrieved July 18, 2016.
- ↑ Viewers see what the umpire sees with revolutionary sunglasses camera in KFC T20 Big Bash League ( English ) foxsport. Retrieved July 18, 2016.
- ↑ Umpire Cam makes its debut in IPL 7 ( English ) sportskeeda. Retrieved July 18, 2016.
- ^ Law 3.14 - Signals ( English ) Marylebone Cricket Club. Retrieved July 18, 2016.
- ^ 1st Test South Africa v India ( English ) ESPNCricinfo. Retrieved July 20, 2016.
- ↑ Code of Conduct for Players and Player Support Personnel ( English , PDF) International Cricket Council. Retrieved July 21, 2016.
- ↑ 7 famous personalities cricket who changed Their playing roles ( English ) cricheaven. Retrieved July 18, 2016.
