Laws of Cricket

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The Laws of Cricket are the rules of cricket published by the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) that form the basis for the sport of cricket worldwide . The earliest form is known from 1744 and was published in its seventh fundamental revision in October 2017. The world cricket association international Cricket Council , which sets the rules for international games, usually only makes minor adjustments to this set of rules.

history

The first known edition of the Laws of Cricket dates from 1744 and was published by the London Club under President Friedrich Ludwig von Hannover . It was a revision of an unknown previous version. In 1788 the editing rights were transferred to the Marylebone Cricket Club, which published its revision on May 30th of that year. Other major revisions, commonly referred to as Code , were released on the following dates:

  • May 20, 1835
  • April 21, 1884
  • May 7, 1947
  • November 21, 1979
  • May 3, 2000
  • October 1, 2017

Between these fundamental revisions, there were always minor adjustments.

construction

The latest edition of the Laws of Cricket from October 2017 consists of a preamble and 42 laws . The latter are in turn divided into six sections:

  • Structure of the game ( Setting up the game )
  • Innings and result ( innings and Results )
  • The Over achieve of runs , Dead Ball and Extras ( The Over, scoring runs, Dead ball and extras )
  • Players, substitutes, Runners and exercise ( player, Substitutes, Runners and Practice )
  • Appeals and Dismissals ( Appeals and Dismissals )
  • Unfair play ( Unfair Play )

The rules

preamble

In the preamble the basic values ​​of cricket are written down. Here, the spirit of cricket (is Spirit of Cricket ) in the center. So not only the rules apply to the game, but also the spirit of the game as the basis. This consists, among other things, of the respect of everyone involved, the acceptance of referee decisions and self-discipline.

Structure of the game (Laws 1 - 12)

The first twelve rules describe the basic structure of the game.

The Players (Law 1)

It is stipulated that the game will be played by two teams of eleven players each, each with a captain. The captain's duties are clearly outlined, in particular to ensure that the crew follows the spirit of cricket.

The Umpire (Law 2)

A game is overseen by two umpires, each on one side of the pitch . Your duties include following the rules, monitoring game conditions such as weather, and making decisions within the rules.

The Scorers (Law 3)

For each game, two scorers are assigned who keep records of the game.

The Ball (Law 4)

The ball has a weight of 5.5 to 5.75 ounces and a circumference of 8.81 to 9 inches, with special dimensions for women and youth cricket. One ball is used per innings. This is exchanged either when the two captains agree, or in multi-day games after 80 overs. If the ball is lost during the game, it will be replaced by a replacement ball that is as comparable as possible.

The Bat (Law 5)

The racket has predetermined dimensions and shape.

The Pitch (Law 6)

The pitch

The pitch that describes the main playing area is 22 yards long and 10 feet wide. It is limited by two lines on its short sides.

The Lines (Law 7)

A distinction is made between three lines (creases). The throw lines mark the ends of the pitch and are each 2.64 m in length. These are also the lines on which the wickets are set up. The striking line is 1.22 m in front of the throwing line and is 1.83 m long, but is only part of an imaginary infinite line. The side lines running at right angles to the striking line are separated from each other by 2.64 m. Her length is 2.44 m.

The Wickets (Law 8)

The wicket consists of three stumps on which two bails are placed. The bars reach a length of 71.12 cm above the playing field and have a diameter of 3.5 to 3.81 cm. The sticks are 5.4 cm long.

Preparation and maintenance of the playing surface (Law 9)

In order to prepare the field, it is the responsibility of the stadium operator to mow the grass on the pitch and the rest of the field. A watering of the pitch is not permitted during the game. During the game, the captain of the batting team is free to let the pitch roll.

Covering the playing area (Law 10)

During the night and during rain and other interruptions, the pitch is covered. Other parts of the playing field should also be covered, if possible.

Breaks (Law 11)

In cricket, a day is divided into three sessions, between which there is a break (lunch or tea). Short breaks are also inserted between two innings and, if necessary, drinking breaks. The length of the planned breaks between the sessions is generally left to the agreement of the captains, the shorter breaks are between five and ten minutes. When a break is taken depends on the one hand on a fixed number of overs and on the other hand on the course of the game. A session can be extended if the inning is about to end.

Beginning and End of the Game (Law 12)

A game either lasts until a result has been achieved or the game time has expired beforehand. If the latter has occurred for a day, the umpires will notify you with a call of time and remove the bails of the wicket. It must be ensured that at least 20 overs were bowled in the last hour of the game before the end of the game.

Innings and result

The four rules of this section deal with the course of the game and its evaluation.

The Innings (Law 13)

An innings is a segment of the game in cricket. According to the Laws of Cricket, an agreement must be made between the two teams prior to the game as to whether it will be a one-innings game , with each team playing one innings, or two-innings game . In practice, this agreement is usually already determined by the rules of the competition in which the game is taking place. In principle, except in cases that are specified by other rules (such as the follow-on), the innings are played alternately, i.e. the batting team changes with each innings. It is stipulated that an innings is over when either all wickets of the batting team are lost, no other batsman is available, a declaration or forfaitture is made or the end time or the specified number of overs have been reached. Before the first innings there is a coin toss, the winner of which decides whether he wants to appear first as a batting team or a field team.

The Follow-on (Law 14)

In a two-innings game, if the batting team in the second innings is high after both teams have completed their innings, it is up to the captain of the other team to make a decision. Either he regularly lets his team complete the second innings as the next batting team, or he asks the opposing team to complete their second innings as the batting team. The background to this is that if the deficit is high, the game can be shortened and a result within the game time is more likely.

Declaration and Forfeiture (Law 15)

If a batting team has not yet lost all wickets, but still wants to end the innings, their captain can make a declaration. To shorten a game, a captain can forego starting an innings at all. In this case one speaks of forfeiture . The aim in both cases is usually to increase the likelihood of achieving a result before the end of the game.

The result (Law 16)

The result of a game of cricket is determined after the innings to be completed have ended. If both teams have completed their innings, the team with the most runs wins and the other team loses. If both teams have the same number of runs, there is a tie. If all four innings are not completed in a two-innings game , the result is a draw. The result is then formulated as text in a predefined manner. It is the task of the referees to determine the result and compare it with the scorers. Once this has happened, the rules no longer allow the result to be changed later. The rules describe a number of other ways in which these four basic results of a team can be achieved, for example by having an umpire award the game to a team.

The over, scoring runs, dead balls and extras

The following seven rules cover the scoring of points by the batting team.

The Over (Law 17)

An over is a subsection of an inning and consists of six regular balls from a bowler from one side of the pitch. For every wide and no ball , another ball must be thrown in the over. When counting the balls, the count of the umpire is decisive; if the umpire miscounts, his count continues to apply. When the over is completed, another bowler on the field team takes over and bowls his over from the other side of the pitch.

Scoring Runs (Law 18)

Runs, i.e. the points of a team, are regularly achieved by a batsman passing the hit line on the other side of the pitch from one side of the pitch after hitting the ball. There is 1 run for each. Other ways to achieve runs are either by hitting the ball over the boundary or by penalties for the field team.

Boundaries (Law 19)

Before the game, the umpires determine the boundaries of the field. If a batsman succeeds in hitting the ball directly over this limit, his team receives 6 runs, if the ball hits first and then passes the limit, 4 runs are awarded.

Dead Ball (Law 20)

The concept of the dead ball defines when a ball is in play, and thus runs or wickets can be scored, and when not. The ball is not dead from the moment the bowler begins his run to the throwing line and thus initiates his bowling. The ball is basically dead when it finally comes to rest in the hands of the wicket keeper or bowler after it has been brought into play. Other possibilities include achieving a boundaries, losing a batsman's wicket or making the ball unplayable, for example because it has got caught in a player's clothing.

No Ball (Law 21)

The sequence of movements in bowling

The bowler must follow a number of rules in order to complete a valid throw. Before the throw he has to inform the umpire with which arm he would like to bowl the ball and on which side of the wicket he would like to run. Since the underarm incident, throwing from below is no longer allowed. Throwing the ball is expressly prohibited. This means that the bowler's arm may not be extended any further after reaching shoulder height from behind. The bowler's front foot must also touch the hit line when thrown, and both feet must not touch the sideline. The ball may only hit the pitch once, for example rolling is not allowed. Also, the ball must not be thrown over the batsman's head. If these rules are violated, no ball will be awarded and the batting team will be credited 1 run. There are other possibilities to achieve a no ball if players are not in the prescribed positions on the field.

Wide Ball (Law 22)

If a correct ball is thrown, a wide decision is made if the ball is thrown so far away from the batsman that the batsman cannot reach the ball with a normal stroke. This also takes into account whether he could have reached the ball if he was in the normal position of a batsman.

Bye and Leg Bye (Law 23)

If the batsman touches the ball with clothing or a part of the body instead of the bat, the runs scored are counted as leg bye. Should the batsman miss the ball but still get a run, they are considered bye. In both cases, the runs are assigned to the batting team, but not entered in the batsman's personal account.

Players, substitutes, runners and practice

The following five rules cover the positions away from the bowler and batsman, as well as substitute players.

Absence of outfield player; Substitute (Law 24)

In the event of injury to a field player or any other acceptable reason for absenteeism (e.g. using the toilet), a substitute may be substituted who is not allowed to act as a bowler or captain. Furthermore, there are precise rules what should happen if a player leaves the field of play for unacceptable reasons or did not enter at the start of the game.

Innings of the batsman; Runners (Law 25)

If a batsman is still able to hit the ball after an injury sustained in the game, but can no longer adequately run between the wickets, there is the possibility of a runner. He then has to do the runs for the batsman in full gear.

Practice On The Field (Law 26)

Exercises with the ball to warm up are only allowed on the outer field and in no case on the pitch.

The wicket-keeper (Law 27)

The wicket keeper stands behind the batsman and is the field player who catches the ball if the batsman misses it with his bat. He is the only player who is allowed to wear gloves on the field.

The Outfield Player (Law 28)

Field players are only allowed to catch the ball with their body parts, the use of clothing (e.g. a hat) to catch the ball more easily is not allowed. There are also restrictions on the field positions of the individual players and how far they are allowed to move when the bowler approaches for his throw.

Appeals and Dismissals

These twelve rules set out how a batsman can be eliminated.

The Fall of the Wicket (Law 29)

As soon as one of the bail falls from the stump, the wicket has fallen. The referee rebuilds it as soon as a dead ball enters.

Batsman out of his / her area (Law 30)

As soon as a batsman has no body part or bat behind the striking line, he is out of his range until he does it again. It is also determined which side of the pitch belongs to which batsman, which is crucial if there is a run out.

Appeal (Law 31)

A batsman may only be given from the umpire if the field team has previously appealed. As an appeal of all forms of covering Dismissals the exclamation is "How's That?" Committed. The umpire then makes his decision and should not violate any rules for his responsibilities found he will not answer. The appeal can also be withdrawn by the captain of the field team.

Bowled (Law 32)

If the ball is bowled by the bowler and not blocked by the batsman and the wicket falls, the batsman loses his wicket.

Caught (Law 33)

If the ball is caught straight out of the air after the batsman's blow, the batsman loses his wicket.

Hit the ball twice (Law 34)

If the batsman strikes the ball twice, be it body or bat, he loses his wicket.

Hit Wicket (Law 35)

If the batsman drops his own wicket, he loses his wicket. This does not apply if he protects himself by doing this, be it to avoid a run out or to avoid a thrown ball.

Leg before wicket (Law 36)

If the batsman first touches the ball with the body or clothing, preventing the ball from destroying the wicket on its normal trajectory, he loses his wicket.

Outfield handicap (Law 37)

If the batsman intentionally obstructs the outfield players, he loses his wicket.

Run Out (Law 38)

If a batsman leaves his area and the ball knocks down the wicket assigned to him in the meantime, that batsman loses his wicket. It doesn't have to be the batsman who was on the bat.

Stumped (Law 39)

If the batsman leaves his area after the stroke and the wicket-keeper directly drops the wicket with the ball, the batsman loses his wicket and is considered stumped .

Stumped (Law 40)

After a batsman is eliminated, the incoming batsman has three minutes to be ready for his first ball. If he doesn't, he loses his wicket.

Unfair game

This section deals with two long rules on how to deal with rule violations and how they are punished.

Unfair Game (Law 41)

Fairness is an important part of the game. It is up to the captains to ensure that their players maintain fairness. For example, the ball must not be manipulated ( ball tampering ), the ball dangerously bowled, or the pitch damaged or run on it. This rule currently contains 15 sub-points for actions that are classified as unfair and can therefore be punished.

Player behavior (Law 42)

The umpires have a number of options to punish misconduct by players. This includes excessive appeals, any open contradiction to the umpire, or insults. In severe cases, this can also lead to the affected player being temporarily excluded, and in extreme cases to exclusion from the game.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Dates in cricket history ( English ) Wisden. January 29, 2013. Retrieved March 29, 2018.
  2. ↑ Laws of Cricket - Laws ( English ) Lord's. January 29, 2013. Retrieved March 29, 2018.
  3. ↑ Preamble to the Laws - Spirit of Cricket ( English ) Lord's. October 1, 2017. Retrieved March 29, 2018.
  4. ↑ Law 1 - The players ( English ) Lord's. October 1, 2017. Accessed March 30, 2018.
  5. ↑ Law 2 - The umpires ( English ) Lord's. October 1st, 2017. Archived from the original on June 25th, 2018. Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved March 30, 2018. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.lords.org
  6. ↑ Law 3 - The scorer ( English ) Lord's. October 1, 2017. Accessed March 30, 2018.
  7. ^ Law 4 - The ball ( English ) Lord's. October 1, 2017. Accessed March 30, 2018.
  8. ↑ Law 5 - The bat ( English ) Lord's. October 1, 2017. Accessed March 30, 2018.
  9. ^ Law 6 - The pitch ( English ) Lord's. October 1, 2017. Accessed March 30, 2018.
  10. ↑ Law 7 - the creases ( English ) Lord's. October 1, 2017. Accessed March 30, 2018.
  11. ↑ Law 8 - The wickets ( English ) Lord's. October 1, 2017. Accessed March 30, 2018.
  12. ↑ Law 9 - Preparation and maintenance of the playing area ( English ) Lord's. October 1, 2017. Accessed March 30, 2018.
  13. ↑ Law 10 - Covering the pitch ( English ) Lord's. October 1, 2017. Accessed March 30, 2018.
  14. ↑ Law 11 - Intervals ( English ) Lord's. October 1, 2017. Accessed March 30, 2018.
  15. ↑ Law 12 -Start of play; cessation of play ( English ) Lord's. October 1, 2017. Accessed March 30, 2018.
  16. ↑ Law 13 - Innings ( English ) Lord's. October 1, 2017. Accessed March 30, 2018.
  17. ↑ Law 14 - The follow-on ( English ) Lord's. October 1, 2017. Accessed March 30, 2018.
  18. ↑ Law 15 - Declaration and Forfeiture ( English ) Lord's. October 1, 2017. Accessed March 30, 2018.
  19. ↑ Law 16 - The Result ( English ) Lord's. October 1, 2017. Accessed March 30, 2018.
  20. ↑ Law 17 - The over ( English ) Lord's. October 1, 2017. Accessed March 30, 2018.
  21. ^ Law 18 - Scoring Runs ( English ) Lord's. October 1, 2017. Accessed March 30, 2018.
  22. ↑ Law 19 - Boundaries ( English ) Lord's. October 1, 2017. Accessed March 30, 2018.
  23. ↑ Law 20 - Dead Ball ( English ) Lord's. October 1, 2017. Accessed March 30, 2018.
  24. ↑ Law 21 - No Ball ( English ) Lord's. October 1, 2017. Accessed March 30, 2018.
  25. ↑ Law 22 - Wide Ball ( English ) Lord's. October 1, 2017. Accessed March 30, 2018.
  26. ↑ Law 23 - bye and Leg bye ( English ) Lord's. October 1, 2017. Accessed March 30, 2018.
  27. ↑ Law 24 - Fielders' absence ( English ) Lord's. October 1, 2017. Accessed March 30, 2018.
  28. ^ Law 25 - Batsman's innings; Runners ( English ) Lord's. October 1, 2017. Accessed March 30, 2018.
  29. ↑ Law 26 - Practice on the Field ( English ) Lord's. October 1, 2017. Accessed March 30, 2018.
  30. ^ Law 27 - The wicket-keeper ( English ) Lord's. October 1, 2017. Accessed March 30, 2018.
  31. ↑ Law 28 - The fielder ( English ) Lord's. October 1, 2017. Accessed March 30, 2018.
  32. ↑ Law 29 - The wicket is down ( English ) Lord's. October 1, 2017. Accessed March 30, 2018.
  33. ↑ Law 30 - Batsman out of his / her ground ( English ) Lord's. October 1, 2017. Accessed March 30, 2018.
  34. ↑ Law 31 - Appeal ( English ) Lord's. October 1, 2017. Accessed March 30, 2018.
  35. ↑ Law 32 - Bowled ( English ) Lord's. October 1, 2017. Accessed March 30, 2018.
  36. ↑ Law 33 - Caught ( English ) Lord's. October 1, 2017. Accessed March 30, 2018.
  37. ↑ Law 34 - Hit the ball twice ( English ) Lord's. October 1, 2017. Accessed March 30, 2018.
  38. ↑ Law 35 - Hit Wicket ( English ) Lord's. October 1, 2017. Accessed March 30, 2018.
  39. ↑ Law 36 - Leg before wicket ( English ) Lord's. October 1, 2017. Accessed March 30, 2018.
  40. ↑ Law 37 - Obstructing the field ( English ) Lord's. October 1, 2017. Accessed March 30, 2018.
  41. ↑ Law 38 - Run out ( English ) Lord's. October 1, 2017. Accessed March 30, 2018.
  42. ↑ Law 29 - Stumped ( English ) Lord's. October 1, 2017. Accessed March 30, 2018.
  43. ↑ Law 40 - Timed Out ( English ) Lord's. October 1, 2017. Accessed March 30, 2018.
  44. ↑ Law 41 - Unfair Play ( English ) Lord's. October 1, 2017. Accessed March 30, 2018.
  45. ↑ Law 42 - Players' Conduct ( English ) Lord's. October 1, 2017. Accessed March 30, 2018.