Indian Premier League
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The Indian Premier League ( Hindi : भारतीय प्रीमियर लीग) is a competition for Indian cricket teams in the Twenty20 format. It is held by the Board of Control for Cricket in India , the Indian cricket association. The first edition of the league took place in 2008. Since then it has been held annually between April and May. The 2009 IPL season was held in South Africa for security reasons . The first games in 2014 were moved to the United Arab Emirates due to the parliamentary elections in India . The 13th season is scheduled, due to the global COVID-19 pandemic, to be held from September 19 to November 10 in the United Arab Emirates.
Rules and course
The Indian Premier League consists of 8 teams, so-called franchises . 56 league games and 4 playoff games will be played in different stadiums across India. The shortest format is played - T20 . Each team plays against every other team in a home and away game. The winner receives 2 points, 1 point for a 'No Result' (game cancellation due to rain) and 0 for a defeat. At the end of the league phase, the 4 best teams advance. The first place in the table plays against the runner-up. The winner moves on to the final. 3rd place plays against 4th place. The winner plays against the loser of the previous game. The winner of this match then meets the winner from the first game in the final. Each team consists of 11 players, with a maximum of 4 foreign players. Both teams have a 'strategic time-out' in both innings (duration: 2.30 min). The bowling team may take its time-out between the 6th and 8th over, the batting team may choose its time-out between the 11th and 16th over. During the season, the game will be played every evening during the week at 8 p.m. local time (CEST +3:30). Two games are played on each weekend. The games begin at 4:00 p.m. and 8:00 p.m. local time.
Franchises
 
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Venues with IPL franchises (2020) |
Currently participating franchises in the IPL:
- Royal Chall. Bangalore (since 2008)
- Delhi Daredevils (since 2008)
- Kolkata Knight Riders (since 2008)
- Kings XI Punjab (since 2008)
- Mumbai Indians (since 2008)
- Sunrisers Hyderabad (since 2012)
- Chennai Super Kings (2008-2015, since 2018)
- Rajasthan Royals (2008-2015, since 2018)
Dissolved franchises:
- Deccan Chargers (2008-2012)
- Kochi Tuskers Kerala (2011)
- Pune Warriors (2011-2013)
- Gujarat Lions (2016-2017)
- Rising Pune Supergiants (2016-2017)
history
2008 season
The first season began on April 18, 2008 with the game of the Kolkata Knight Riders at the Royal Challengers Bangalore. Of the 59 scheduled games, 58 could be played, one fell victim to rain. The first final took place on June 1, 2008 in the 55,000-seat DY Patil Stadium in Navi Mumbai , part of the urban agglomeration of Mumbai , between the Rajasthan Royals and the Chennai Super Kings. The Rajasthan Royals prevailed with the last ball of the game and won with 3 wickets.
2009 season
Due to the elections in India, the entire season was relocated to South Africa . The games were played in eight cities and sold out in no time. In the final in Johannesburg the Deccan Chargers were able to prevail against Royal Challengers Bangalore with 3 wickets.
2010 season
The third season took place in India again. However, last year's champion, the Deccan Chargers, could not play his home games in the planned stadium in Hyderabad , as security could not be guaranteed in the conflict over the establishment of the new state of Telangana . The team then played the games in several other stadiums. The 'strategic time-out' was introduced this season. In the final, the Chennai Super Kings beat the Mumbai Indians with 22 runs.
2011 season
In March 2010 it was announced that there will be two new teams starting with the 2011 edition. These should be located in Pune and Kochi . However, the team from Kochi still had numerous problems, so that their participation could not be finally confirmed until December 2010. The Kochi Tuskers Karela and the Pune Warriors were added. In order to keep the resulting increase in the number of group games within limits, the preliminary round mode was modified. In the final, the Chennai Super Kings prevailed against the Royal Challengers Bangalore with 58 runs.
2012 season
After the Kochi Tuskers Karela were excluded for financial reasons, the season took place with nine franchises. In the preliminary round, each team played twice against each other. In this the Delhi Daredevils were able to prevail. In the qualifiers for the finals, however, they lost to both the Chennai Super Kings and the Kolkata Knight Riders and were eliminated. In the final, Kolkata then prevailed against Chennai with 5 wickets and prevented the South Indian team from winning the third consecutive win.
2013 season
Before the start of the season, the financially troubled Deccan Chargers franchise was replaced by the Sunrisers Hyderabad. In the final, the Mumbai Indians beat the Chennai Super Kings with 23 runs and thus became winners of the IPL for the first time.
2014 season
Due to the elections to the Indian parliament, the games were played in the United Arab Emirates during the period concerned. The Pune Warrior franchise withdrew from gaming operations for financial reasons before the season and was liquidated. In the final, the Kolkata Knight Riders won against Kings XI Punjab with 3 wickets and were able to secure the championship for the second time.
2015 season
There was no change in franchises in 2015. The main sponsor was Pepsi. In the final, the Mumbai Indians prevailed against the Chennai Super Kings with 41 runs and were able to win their second title after 2013.
2016 season
Two new franchises were launched in 2016: Gujarat Lions and Rising Pune Supergiants. They replace the Chennai Super Kings and Rajasthan Royals franchises, which were banned for two years until the 2018 season. The establishment of two new teams generated great interest in the player auction. 351 players were admitted to the auction, with 97 players getting a contract with one of the 8 franchises. The most expensive foreign player was the Australian Shane Watson , who was bought by Royal Challengers Bangalore for ₹ 9,50,00,000 (approx. 1.3 million euros). LED stumps were used for the first time . The main sponsor is Vivo, which officially calls the league the 'Vivo Indian Premier League'. In the final, the Sunrisers Hyderabad prevailed against the Royal Challengers Bangalore with 8 runs.
2017 season
The 10th edition of the league takes place from April 5th to May 21st. There were no changes to the franchises for the 2017 season. The 2017 VIVO IPL Player Auction took place on February 20th in Bangalore . The English cricketer Ben Stokes was drafted for the equivalent of around 2 million euros from the Rising Pune Supergiants franchise . This made him the most expensive auctioned international player at the IPL. West Indian batsman Chris Gayle was the first player to break the 10,000 T20 run mark in the match between Gujarat Lions and Royal Challengers Bangalore . In the final, the Mumbai Indians were able to prevail against the Rising Pune Supergiant with a run.
2018 season
The 11th edition of the Indian Premier League took place from April 7th to May 27th, 2018. After the two-year ban, the two franchises Chennai Super Kings and Rajasthan Royals were again admitted to the league after their representatives for this time, the Rising Pune Supergiants and Gujarat Lions , were dissolved. STAR India was able to secure the worldwide transmission rights for Rs 16,348 crore ($ 2.55 billion) over a period of 5 years (2018-2022) after an auction. At the player auction on January 27th and 28th, 2018 in Bangalore, the eight franchises had 578 players, 360 Indian and 218 international players, of which 169 players were awarded contracts. In the final, the Chennai Super Kings prevailed against the Sunrisers Hyderabad with eight wickets.
Season 2019
The 12th edition of the Indian Premier League took place from March 23 to May 12, 2019. The Delhi Daredevils were renamed Delhi Capitals, otherwise there were no changes in the franchises. In the final, the Mumbai Indians managed to beat the Chennai Super Kings with a run.
Establishments of franchises
The Indian Premier League started with the auction of the licenses for the franchises. The following investors were able to prevail:
- Franchises established in 2008:
| city | franchise | owner | Price in millions of dollars |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bangalore | Bangalore Royal Challengers | United Breweries Group | 111.6 |
| Chennai | Chennai Super Kings | India Cements | 91 |
| Delhi | Delhi DareDevils | GMR Group | 84 |
| Hyderabad | Deccan Chargers | Deccan Chronicle | 107 |
| Jaipur | Rajasthan Royals | Emerging media | 67 |
| Kolkata | Kolkata Knight Riders | Red Chillies Entertainment | 75.1 |
| Mohali | Kings XI Punjab | Preity Zinta , Ness Wadia, Karan Paul, Mohit Burman | 76 |
| Mumbai | Mumbai Indians | Reliance Industries | 111.9 |
- Franchises 2011-2013:
| city | franchise | owner | Price in millions of dollars |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kochi | Kochi Tuskers Kerala | Rendezvous Sports World Limited | 333 |
| Pune | Pune Warriors India | Sahara India Pariwar | 370 |
| Hyderabad | Sunrisers Hyderabad | SUN TV Network | 60 for 5 years |
- Franchises 2016–2017:
| city | franchise | owner | Price in millions of dollars |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rajkot | Gujarat Lions | Intex | - |
| Pune | Rising Pune Supergiants | RPSG Group | - |
Player auction
In contrast to other sports such as soccer, there is no league system where teams can be promoted or relegated at the end of a season. Every year the league starts anew. Therefore, the players are auctioned by the individual franchises in the 'IPL auction' before each season. A special auction was held prior to the first season, and virtually all of the world's best and most famous cricketers were available to choose from. The highest offer went to the Indian Mahendra Singh Dhoni with 1.5 million US dollars from the Chennai franchise. The Australian Andrew Symonds followed in the auction with US $ 1.35 million from Rajasthan, becoming the only foreigner among the six players who were auctioned for more than US $ 1 million for the duration of the competition. Another special auction was held in 2011 so that the two new franchises, Pune and Kochi, could stock up on players.
Awards
Every season the best players are awarded the Orange Cap and the Purple Cap . The Orange Cap is awarded to the batsman who scored the most runs during the entire season. The bowler who bowls the most wickets receives the purple cap. During the season, the currently leading player wears the respective baseball cap. This results in the wearer changing several times during the season. The table shows the winners of all IPL seasons.
| season | Batsman (runs) | team | Bowler (wickets) | team |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2008 | Shaun Marsh (616) | Kings XI Punjab | Sohail Tanvir (22) | Rajasthan Royals |
| 2009 | Matthew Hayden (572) | Chennai Super Kings | RP Singh (23) | Deccan Chargers |
| 2010 | Sachin Tendulkar (618) | Mumbai Indians | Pragyan Ojha (21) | Deccan Chargers |
| 2011 | Chris Gayle (608) | Royal Chall. Bangalore | Lasith Malinga (28) | Mumbai Indians |
| 2012 | Chris Gayle (733) | Royal Chall. Bangalore | Morné Morkel (25) | Delhi Daredevils |
| 2013 | Michael Hussey (733) | Chennai Super Kings | Dwayne Bravo (32) | Chennai Super Kings |
| 2014 | Robin Uthappa (660) | Kolkata Knight Riders | Mohit Sharma (23) | Chennai Super Kings |
| 2015 | David Warner (562) | Sunrisers Hyderabad | Dwayne Bravo (26) | Chennai Super Kings |
| 2016 | Virat Kohli (973) | Royal Chall. Bangalore | Bhuvneshwar Kumar (23) | Sunrisers Hyderabad |
| 2017 | David Warner (641) | Sunrisers Hyderabad | Bhuvneshwar Kumar (26) | Sunrisers Hyderabad |
| 2018 | Kane Williamson (735) | Sunrisers Hyderabad | Andrew Tye (24) | Kings XI Punjab |
| 2019 | David Warner (692) | Sunrisers Hyderabad | Imran Tahir (26) | Chennai Super Kings |
Umpire
The umpire team consists of 3 referees: two umpires on the field and the so-called 'TV umpire'. However, this is only used in contentious situations. The lead umpire on the field of play 'draws' a rectangle in the air in the event of a controversial decision. B. catches or run-outs. This signals to the TV umpire that he should watch the last action. The TV umpire looks at the situation in slow motion and from different camera angles in front of a screen. Then he announces his decision to the umpire via headset. The decision of the TV umpire is binding. The umpires also wear baseball caps with cameras. Spectacular actions can then be seen in the repetition from the umpire's point of view.
Game mode
In the first few years, when the league consisted of eight teams, all franchises competed against each other once away and at home. The four best teams in the end then play the winner in the semifinals and finals. With the expansion to ten teams, the game mode was also modified. Each team will only play against five opponents in the first and second leg, while only one game will be played against the other three teams. The playoff system was also changed, which now determines the winner from the best four preliminary round teams in a sequence of four games.
Financial
Television rights
The competition is primarily financed through television rights. On January 15, 2008, a consortium consisting of Sony Entertainment Television and the World Sport Group secured the worldwide broadcasting rights to the IPL. The contract has a term of ten years and guarantees the IPL a total of 1.026 billion US dollars. 72% of this income goes directly to the franchises, 20% remains with the IPL and 8% is suspended as prize money.
revenue
The Indian government took around US $ 17 million in taxes through the IPL in its first year.
The franchises had all planned a loss in their first season, as they had to make high initial investments. Due to the surprisingly great success, two teams have already managed to get into the profit zone. More detailed information can be found in the table:
| franchise | revenue | expenditure | Profit loss |
| Mumbai Indians |
|
|
Loss - -16 |
| Royal Challengers Bangalore |
|
|
Loss - -43 |
| Deccan Chargers |
|
|
Loss - -18 |
| Chennai Super Kings |
|
|
Loss - -0.2 |
| Delhi Daredevils |
|
|
Loss - -6.6 |
| Kings XI Punjab |
|
|
Loss - -2.4 |
| Kolkata Knight Riders |
|
|
Profit - +13 |
| Rajasthan Royals |
|
|
Profit - +6 |
- All information is in Indian rupee crores (1 crore = 10,000,000 rupees = approx. 195,600 US dollars in 2008).
Naming rights
The naming rights were first sold to DLF Limited for 40 crore for the period 2008–2012 . The successor was PepsiCo which issued 79.2 CR for the period 2013–2015. The name sponsorship was taken over by VIVO , who initially invested 100 CR for 2016 to 2017 and then extended the contract for 439.8 CR (approx. 341 million US dollars) for the period 2018-2022.
public perception
Worldwide interest
The Indian Premier League became one of the most popular sporting events in India right in its first season. But the IPL also won a surprising number of fans in Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh. The IPL was also very well received in the Caribbean.
In South Africa, on the other hand, the IPL was in direct competition with English Premier League football and local rugby competitions, so there was little interest. In England, too, interest in the IPL has not yet grown very high, but this could change for the 2009 season, as English players are now allowed to participate, which was previously prohibited by the English Association.
On the other hand, the IPL received little attention in Australia and New Zealand, which is mainly due to the time difference due to which the games are broadcast there in the middle of the night.
Press regulations
The organizer tried to regulate the reporting and use of images in detail. Cricinfo and Cricket365 were completely excluded from reporting. B. also not be supplied with image material. On April 18, 2008, major international news agencies such as AFP and Reuters declared that they would not report on the 2008 Indian Premier League. The same was repeated in 2009 and 2010, with the boycott being lifted after concessions by the IPL.
winner
Cutting off the teams
| not participated |
| Preliminary round (VR) |
| Quarter finals (VF) |
| Semi-finals (HF) |
| Second place (2) |
| Tournament Winner (1) |
| team | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chennai Super Kings | 2 | HF | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 | |||
| Deccan Chargers | 8th | 1 | 4th | 7th | 8th | ||||||||
| Delhi Capitals | HF | HF | 5 | 10 | 3 | 9 | 8th | 7th | 6th | 6th | 8th | 3 | |
| Gujarat Lions | 3 | 7th | |||||||||||
| Kolkata Knight Riders | 6th | 8th | 6th | 4th | 1 | 7th | 1 | 5 | 4th | 3 | 3 | 5 | |
| Kochi Tuskers Kerala | 8th | ||||||||||||
| Kings XI Punjab | HF | 5 | 8th | 5 | 6th | 6th | 2 | 8th | 8th | 5 | 7th | 6th | |
| Mumbai Indians | 5 | 7th | 2 | 3 | 4th | 1 | 4th | 1 | 5 | 1 | 5 | 1 | |
| Pune Warriors | 9 | 9 | 8th | ||||||||||
| Royal Chall. Bangalore | 7th | 2 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 5 | 7th | 3 | 2 | 8th | 6th | 8th | |
| Rising Pune Supergiants | 7th | 2 | |||||||||||
| Rajasthan Royals | 1 | 6th | 7th | 6th | 7th | 3 | 5 | 4th | 4th | 7th | |||
| Sunrisers Hyderabad | 4th | 6th | 7th | 1 | 4th | 2 | 4th | ||||||
| Attendees | 8th | 8th | 8th | 10 | 9 | 9 | 8th | 8th | 8th | 8th | 8th | 8th | 8th |
Individual evidence
- ↑ IPL 2020: UAE to host tournament from September 19 to November 10. ESPNcricinfo, August 2, 2020, accessed on August 2, 2020 (English).
- ↑ IPL final 2008 ( English ) Cricinfo. May 18, 2012. Retrieved May 18, 2013.
- ↑ IPL final 2009 ( English ) Cricinfo. May 18, 2012. Retrieved May 18, 2013.
- ↑ IPL sets down time-out ruling ( English ) Cricinfo. March 10, 2010. Retrieved April 15, 2017.
- ↑ IPL finals 2010 ( English ) Cricinfo. May 18, 2012. Retrieved May 18, 2013.
- ↑ Pune and Kochi unveiled as new IPL franchises ( English ) Cricinfo. March 21, 2010. Retrieved May 21, 2012.
- ^ Finally, Kochi IPL franchise gets go-ahead from BCCI ( English ) Times of India. December 6, 2010. Retrieved May 21, 2012.
- ↑ IPL final 2011 ( English ) Cricinfo. May 18, 2012. Retrieved May 18, 2013.
- ↑ Kochi franchise terminated by BCCI ( English ) Cricinfo. September 19, 2011. Retrieved January 29, 2012.
- ↑ IPL final 2012 ( English ) Cricinfo. May 18, 2012. Retrieved May 18, 2013.
- ↑ Hyderabad IPL franchise named Sunrisers ( English ) Cricinfo. December 18, 2012. Retrieved February 17, 2013.
- ↑ IPL final 2013 ( English ) Cricinfo. May 18, 2016. Retrieved May 18, 2016.
- ↑ IPL final 2014 ( English ) Cricinfo. May 18, 2012. Retrieved May 18, 2013.
- ↑ IPL final 2015 ( English ) Cricinfo. May 18, 2012. Retrieved May 18, 2013.
- ↑ IPL auction ( English ) IPL. May 18, 2012. Retrieved May 18, 2013.
- ↑ IPL auction: 'complete carnage' as Ben Stokes becomes best-paid international player ( English ) theguardian. February 20, 2017. Retrieved April 19, 2017.
- ↑ Indian Premier League: Chris Gayle becomes first to 10,000 Twenty20 runs ( English ) BBC. April 18, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.
- ↑ Media rights auction: STAR India ends Sony's IPL innings ( English ) Business Standard. September 5, 2017. Retrieved on 2018-26-9.
- ↑ 578 players to go under the hammer at VIVO IPL 2018 Player Auction ( English ) BCCI-IPL. September 5, 2017. Accessed February 12, 2018.
- ↑ Eight franchises buy 169 players at VIVO IPL 2018 Player Auction ( English ) BCCI-IPL. September 5, 2017. Accessed February 12, 2018.
- ↑ Big business and Bollywood grab stakes in IPL ( English ) Cricinfo. January 24, 2008. Retrieved May 21, 2012.
- ↑ Pune and Kochi to join 2011 Indian Premier League ( English ) bbq. March 21, 2010. Retrieved April 20, 2017.
- ↑ Warriors quit scandal-hit IPL as owners say they are 'disgusted' by Indian Board ( English ) dailymail. May 21, 2013. Retrieved April 20, 2017.
- ↑ Sun TV Purchases Hyderabad IPL Franchise At Rs 85 Crore Per Year ( English ) sports.ndtv.coml. October 25, 2012. Retrieved April 20, 2017.
- ↑ IPL statistics ( English ) IPL, BCCI. May 18, 2016. Archived from the original on May 18, 2016. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved May 18, 2016.
- ↑ Sony and World Sports Group bag IPL television rights ( English ) Cricinfo. January 14, 2008. Retrieved May 21, 2012.
- ↑ First edition of IPL fetched 91 crore as Income Tax ( English ) India Today. March 19, 2009. Retrieved May 21, 2012.
- ↑ Will cricket's new czars make money? ( English ) Business Today. June 1, 2008. Retrieved May 21, 2012.
- ↑ Arun Venugopal: Vivo retains IPL title rights till 2022 after massive bid ( English ) Cricinfo. June 27, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.
- ↑ Thrills, spills, yawns ( English ) Cricinfo. June 1, 2008. Retrieved May 21, 2012.
- ↑ McCullum fireworks mark IPL's bow ( English ) BBC News. April 18, 2008. Retrieved May 21, 2012.
- ↑ Indian news broadcasters lift IPL boycott ( English ) Cricinfo. March 12, 2010. Retrieved May 21, 2012.
