Dodecane

The dodecanes are a group of substances from the group of alkanes . It consists of 355 isomeric compounds with the empirical formula C ₁₂ H ₂₆ .

The linear representative is n -dodecane .

The following table gives an overview of all constitutional isomeric dodecanes, grouped according to the number of carbon atoms in the main chain or according to the substituents:

Substituents	Number of carbon atoms in the main chain
	12	11	10	9	8th	7th	6th	5
---	n -dodecane
methyl		2-methylundecane 3-methylundecane 4-methylundecane 5-methylundecane 6-methylundecane	2,2-dimethyldecane 2,3-dimethyldecane 2,4-dimethyldecane 2,5-dimethyldecane 2,6-dimethyldecane 2,7-dimethyldecane 2,8-dimethyldecane 2,9-dimethyldecane 3,3-dimethyldecane 3,4-dimethyldecane 3,5-dimethyldecane 3,6-dimethyldecane 3,7-dimethyldecane 3,8-dimethyldecane 4,4-dimethyldecane 4,5-dimethyldecane 4,6-dimethyldecane 4,7-dimethyldecane 5,5-dimethyldecane 5,6-dimethyldecane	2,2,3-trimethylnonane 2,2,4-trimethylnonane 2,2,5-trimethylnonane 2,2,6-trimethylnonane 2,2,7-trimethylnonane 2,2,8-trimethylnonane 2,3,3-trimethylnonane 2 , 3,4-trimethylnonane 2,3,5-trimethylnonane 2,3,6-trimethylnonane 2,3,7-trimethylnonane 2,3,8-trimethylnonane 2,4,4-trimethylnonane 2,4,5-trimethylnonane 2, 4,6-trimethylnonane 2,4,7-trimethylnonane 2,4,8-trimethylnonane 2,5,5-trimethylnonane 2,5,6-trimethylnonane 2,5,7-trimethylnonane 2,5,8-trimethylnonane 2,6 , 6-trimethylnonane 2,6,7-trimethylnonane 2,7,7-trimethylnonane 3,3,4-trimethylnonane 3,3,5-trimethylnonane 3,3,6-trimethylnonane 3,3,7-trimethylnonane 3,4, 4-trimethylnonane 3,4,5-trimethylnonane 3,4,6-trimethylnonane 3,4,7-trimethylnonane 3,5,5-trimethylnonane 3,5,6-trimethylnonane 3,5,7-trimethylnonane 3,6,6 -Trimethylnonane 4,4,5-trimethylnonane 4,4,6-trimethylnonane 4,5,5-trimethylnonane 4,5,6-trimethylnonane	2,2,3,3-tetramethyloctane 2,2,3,4-tetramethyloctane 2,2,3,5-tetramethyloctane 2,2,3,6-tetramethyloctane 2,2,3,7-tetramethyloctane 2,2,4 , 4-tetramethyloctane 2,2,4,5-tetramethyloctane 2,2,4,6-tetramethyloctane 2,2,4,7-tetramethyloctane 2,2,5,5-tetramethyloctane 2,2,5,6-tetramethyl octane 2 , 2,5,7-tetramethyloctane 2,2,6,6-tetramethyloctane 2,2,6,7-tetramethyloctane 2,2,7,7-tetramethyloctane 2,3,3,4-tetramethyloctane 2,3,3, 5-tetramethyloctane 2,3,3,6-tetramethyloctane 2,3,3,7-tetramethyloctane 2,3,4,4-tetramethyloctane 2,3,4,5-tetramethyloctane 2,3,4,6-tetramethyloctane 2, 3,4,7-tetramethyloctane 2,3,5,5-tetramethyloctane 2,3,5,6-tetramethyloctane 2,3,5,7-tetramethyloctane 2,3,6,6-tetramethyloctane 2,3,6,7 -Tetramethyloctane 2,4,4,5-tetramethyloctane 2,4,4,6-tetramethyloctane 2,4,4,7-tetramethyloctane 2,4,5,5-tetramethyloctane 2,4,5,6-tetramethyloctane 2,4 , 5,7-tetramethyloctane 2,4,6,6-tetramethyloctane 2,5,5,6-tetramethyloctane 2,5,6,6-tetramethyloctane 3,3,4,4-tetramethyloctane 3,3,4,5- Tetramethyloctane 3,3,4,6-tetramethyloctane 3,3,5,5-tetramethyloctane 3,3,5,6-tetramethyloctane 3,3,6,6-tetramethyloctane 3,4,4,5-tetramethyloctane 3,4,4,6-tetramethyloctane 3,4,5 , 5-tetramethyloctane 3,4,5,6-tetramethyloctane 4,4,5,5-tetramethyloctane	2,2,3,3,4-pentamethylheptane 2,2,3,3,5-pentamethylheptane 2,2,3,3,6-pentamethylheptane 2,2,3,4,4-pentamethylheptane 2,2,3, 4,5-pentamethylheptane 2,2,3,4,6-pentamethylheptane 2,2,3,5,5-pentamethylheptane 2,2,3,5,6-pentamethylheptane 2,2,3,6,6-pentamethylheptane 2 , 2,4,4,5-pentamethylheptane 2,2,4,4,6-pentamethylheptane 2,2,4,5,5-pentamethylheptane 2,2,4,5,6-pentamethylheptane 2,2,4,6 , 6-pentamethylheptane 2,2,5,5,6-pentamethylheptane 2,3,3,4,4-pentamethylheptane 2,3,3,4,5-pentamethylheptane 2,3,3,4,6-pentamethylheptane 2, 3,3,5,5-pentamethylheptane 2,3,3,5,6-pentamethylheptane 2,3,4,4,5-pentamethylheptane 2,3,4,4,6-pentamethylheptane 2,3,4,5, 5-pentamethylheptane 2,3,4,5,6-pentamethylheptane 2,4,4,5,5-pentamethylheptane 3,3,4,4,5-pentamethylheptane 3,3,4,5,5-pentamethylheptane	2,2,3,3,4,4-hexamethylhexane 2,2,3,3,4,5-hexamethylhexane 2,2,3,3,5,5-hexamethylhexane 2,2,3,4,4,5 -Hexamethylhexane 2,2,3,4,5,5-hexamethylhexane 2,3,3,4,4,5-hexamethylhexane
Ethyl			3-ethyl decane 4-ethyl decane 5-ethyl decane		3,3-diethyloctane 3,4-diethyloctane 3,5-diethyloctane 3,6-diethyloctane 4,4-diethyloctane 4,5-diethyloctane		3,3,4-triethylhexane
Ethyl and methyl				3-ethyl-2-methylnonane 3-ethyl-3-methylnonane 3-ethyl-4-methylnonane 3-ethyl-5-methylnonane 3-ethyl-6-methylnonane 3-ethyl-7-methylnonane 4-ethyl-2-methylnonane 4 -Ethyl-3-methylnonane 4-ethyl-4-methylnonane 4-ethyl-5-methylnonane 4-ethyl-6-methylnonane 5-ethyl-2-methylnonane 5-ethyl-3-methylnonane 5-ethyl-4-methylnonane 5- Ethyl-5-methylnonane 6-ethyl-2-methylnonane 6-ethyl-3-methylnonane 7-ethyl-2-methylnonane	3-ethyl-2,2-dimethyloctane 3-ethyl-2,3-dimethyloctane 3-ethyl-2,4-dimethyloctane 3-ethyl-2,5-dimethyloctane 3-ethyl-2,6-dimethyloctane 3-ethyl-2 , 7-dimethyloctane 3-ethyl-3,4-dimethyloctane 3-ethyl-3,5-dimethyloctane 3-ethyl-3,6-dimethyloctane 3-ethyl-4,4-dimethyloctane 3-ethyl-4,5-dimethyloctane 3 -Ethyl-4,6-dimethyloctane 3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyloctane 4-ethyl-2,2-dimethyloctane 4-ethyl-2,3-dimethyloctane 4-ethyl-2,4-dimethyloctane 4-ethyl-2, 5-dimethyloctane 4-ethyl-2,6-dimethyloctane 4-ethyl-2,7-dimethyloctane 4-ethyl-3,3-dimethyloctane 4-ethyl-3,4-dimethyloctane 4-ethyl-3,5-dimethyloctane 4- Ethyl-3,6-dimethyloctane 4-ethyl-4,5-dimethyloctane 5-ethyl-2,2-dimethyloctane 5-ethyl-2,3-dimethyloctane 5-ethyl-2,4-dimethyloctane 5-ethyl-2,5 -dimethyloctane 5-ethyl-2,6-dimethyloctane 5-ethyl-3,3-dimethyloctane 5-ethyl-3,4-dimethyloctane 5-ethyl-3,5-dimethyloctane 5-ethyl-4,4-dimethyloctane 6-ethyl -2,2-dimethyloctane 6-ethyl-2,3-dimethyloctane 6-ethyl-2,4-dimethyloctane 6-ethyl-2,5-dimethyloctane 6-ethyl-2,6-dimethyloctane 6-ethyl-3,3- dimethyloctane 6-ethyl-3,4-dimethyloctane	3-ethyl-2,2,3-trimethylheptane 3-ethyl-2,2,4-trimethylheptane 3-ethyl-2,2,5-trimethylheptane 3-ethyl-2,2,6-trimethylheptane 3-ethyl-2, 3,4-trimethylheptane 3-ethyl-2,3,5-trimethylheptane 3-ethyl-2,3,6-trimethylheptane 3-ethyl-2,4,4-trimethylheptane 3-ethyl-2,4,5-trimethylheptane 3 -Ethyl-2,4,6-trimethylheptane 3-ethyl-2,5,5-trimethylheptane 3-ethyl-2,5,6-trimethylheptane 3-ethyl-3,4,4-trimethylheptane 3-ethyl-3,4 , 5-trimethylheptane 3-ethyl-3,5,5-trimethylheptane 3-ethyl-4,4,5-trimethylheptane 4-ethyl-2,2,3-trimethylheptane 4-ethyl-2,2,4-trimethylheptane 4- Ethyl-2,2,5-trimethylheptane 4-ethyl-2,2,6-trimethylheptane 4-ethyl-2,3,3-trimethylheptane 4-ethyl-2,3,4-trimethylheptane 4-ethyl-2,3, 5-trimethylheptane 4-ethyl-2,3,6-trimethylheptane 4-ethyl-2,4,5-trimethylheptane 4-ethyl-2,4,6-trimethylheptane 4-ethyl-2,5,5-trimethylheptane 4-ethyl -3,3,4-trimethylheptane 4-ethyl-3,3,5-trimethylheptane 4-ethyl-3,4,5-trimethylheptane 5-ethyl-2,2,3-trimethylheptane 5-ethyl-2,2,4 -trimethylheptane 5-ethyl-2,2,5-trimethylheptane 5-ethyl-2, 2,6-trimethylheptane 5-ethyl-2,3,3-trimethylheptane 5-ethyl-2,3,4-trimethylheptane 5-ethyl-2,3,5-trimethylheptane 5-ethyl-2,4,4-trimethylheptane 5 -Ethyl-2,4,5-trimethylheptane 5-ethyl-3,3,4-trimethylheptane	3-ethyl-2,2,3,4-tetramethylhexane 3-ethyl-2,2,3,5-tetramethylhexane 3-ethyl-2,2,4,4-tetramethylhexane 3-ethyl-2,2,4,5 -tetramethylhexane 3-ethyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylhexane 3-ethyl-2,3,4,4-tetramethylhexane 3-ethyl-2,3,4,5-tetramethylhexane 4-ethyl-2,2,3 , 3-tetramethylhexane 4-ethyl-2,2,3,4-tetramethylhexane 4-ethyl-2,2,3,5-tetramethylhexane 4-ethyl-2,2,4,5-tetramethylhexane 4-ethyl-2,3 , 3,4-tetramethylhexane 4-ethyl-2,3,3,5-tetramethylhexane 3,3-diethyl-2,2-dimethylhexane 3,3-diethyl-2,4-dimethylhexane 3,3-diethyl-2.5 -dimethylhexane 3,3-diethyl-4,4-dimethylhexane 3,4-diethyl-2,2-dimethylhexane 3,4-diethyl-2,3-dimethylhexane 3,4-diethyl-2,4-dimethylhexane 3,4- Diethyl-2,5-dimethylhexane 3,4-diethyl-3,4-dimethylhexane 4,4-diethyl-2,2-dimethylhexane 4,4-diethyl-2,3-dimethylhexane	3-ethyl-2,2,3,4,4-pentamethylpentane 3,3-diethyl-2,2,4-trimethylpentane
Propyl				4-propylnonane 5-propylnonane
1-methylethyl (= isopropyl)				4- (1-methylethyl) nonane 5- (1-methylethyl) nonane
Methyl and propyl					2-methyl-4-propyloctane 3-methyl-4-propyloctane 4-methyl-4-propyloctane 4-methyl-5-propyloctane 2-methyl-5-propyloctane 3-methyl-5-propyloctane
Methyl and 1-methylethyl (= isopropyl)					2-methyl-3- (1-methylethyl) octane 2-methyl-4- (1-methylethyl) octane 3-methyl-4- (1-methylethyl) octane 4-methyl-4- (1-methylethyl) octane 4- Methyl 5- (1-methylethyl) octane, 2-methyl-5- (1-methylethyl) octane, 3-methyl-5- (1-methylethyl) octane		2,2,3-trimethyl-3- (1-methylethyl) hexane 2,2,4-trimethyl-3- (1-methylethyl) hexane 2,2,5-trimethyl-3- (1-methylethyl) hexane 2, 3,4-trimethyl-3- (1-methylethyl) hexane 2,3,5-trimethyl-3- (1-methylethyl) hexane 2,4,4-trimethyl-3- (1-methylethyl) hexane 2,3, 5-trimethyl-4- (1-methylethyl) hexane 2,2,5-trimethyl-4- (1-methylethyl) hexane	2,2,3,4-tetramethyl-3- (1-methylethyl) pentane 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-3- (1-methylethyl) pentane
Ethyl and propyl						3-ethyl-4-propylheptane 4-ethyl-4-propylheptane
Ethyl and 1-methylethyl (= isopropyl)						3-ethyl-4- (1-methylethyl) heptane, 4-ethyl-4- (1-methylethyl) heptane
Ethyl , methyl and 1-methylethyl (= isopropyl)							3-ethyl-2-methyl-3- (1-methylethyl) hexane, 4-ethyl-2-methyl-3- (1-methylethyl) hexane	3-ethyl-2,4-dimethyl-3- (1-methylethyl) pentane
1,1-dimethylethyl (= tert-butyl)					4- (1,1-dimethylethyl) octane (4- tert -butyloctane)
1,1-dimethylethyl (= tert-butyl) and methyl						4- (1,1-dimethylethyl) -2-methylheptane 4- (1,1-dimethylethyl) -3-methylheptane 4- (1,1-dimethylethyl) -4-methylheptane	3- (1,1-dimethylethyl) -2,2-dimethylhexane

use

In nature, dodecane isomers occur, for example, in the American fathead minnow as metabolic products, in which n -dodecane and 2,2,4,6,6-pentamethylheptane are biotransformed in order to prevent bioaccumulation . In technical chemistry, a mixture of dodecane isomers is used as a suspension medium, especially for the catalytic chain polymerization of olefins (polyolefins) with the help of titanium halide materials.

Individual evidence

1. ^ D. Bonchev: Chemical Graph Theory: Introduction and Fundamentals . CRC Press, 1991, pp. 300 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
2. ↑ slywalaate: Constitutional isomer of Alkanes. In: Scribd. Retrieved on August 26, 2017 . 
3. Jump up ↑ J. Tolls, J. van Dijk: Bioconcentration of n-dodecane and its highly branched isomer 2,2,4,6,6-pentamethylheptane in fathead minnows. In: Chemosphere. Volume 47, Number 10, June 2002, pp. 1049-1057, PMID 12137037 .
4. ↑ Patent EP0026655 : Titanium halide material and production thereof. Published April 8, 1981 , Inventors: Ian William Parsons, John Andrew Licchelli, Anthony David Caunt. ‌