Dodecane
Structural formula | ||||||||||||||||
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General | ||||||||||||||||
Surname | Dodecane | |||||||||||||||
other names |
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Molecular formula | C 12 H 26 | |||||||||||||||
Brief description |
colorless, flammable liquid |
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properties | ||||||||||||||||
Molar mass | 170.34 g mol −1 | |||||||||||||||
Physical state |
liquid |
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density |
0.75 g cm −3 |
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Melting point |
−10 ° C |
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boiling point |
216 ° C |
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Vapor pressure |
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solubility |
practically insoluble in water |
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Refractive index |
1.4210 (20 ° C) |
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safety instructions | ||||||||||||||||
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As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions . Refractive index: Na-D line , 20 ° C |
Dodecane (also n -dodecane ) is a colorless, flammable, mild-smelling liquid. Dodecane is an organic chemical compound from the group of higher alkanes , more precisely the dodecanes .
properties
Physical Properties
Dodecane is a colorless liquid that boils at 216 ° C under normal pressure . The vapor pressure function results according to Antoine according to log 10 (P) = A− (B / (T + C)) (P in bar, T in K) with A = 4.10549, B = 1625.928 and C = −92.839 in the temperature range from 399.53 to 490.49 K.
The most important thermodynamic properties are listed in the following table:
property | Type | Value [unit] |
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Standard enthalpy of formation | Δ f H 0 gas Δ f H 0 liquid |
−290.9 kJ mol −1 −352.1 kJ mol −1 |
Enthalpy of combustion | Δ c H 0 liquid | −8086.0 kJ mol −1 |
Heat capacity | c p | 375.26 J mol −1 K −1 (25 ° C) 2.20 J g −1 K −1 (25 ° C) as a liquid |
Enthalpy of fusion | Δ f H | 36.836 kJ mol −1 at the melting point |
Entropy of fusion | Δ f S | 139.75 kJ mol −1 at the melting point |
Enthalpy of evaporation | Δ V H Δ V H 0 |
51.6 kJ mol −1 at the normal pressure boiling point 61.51 kJ mol −1 at 25 ° C |
Critical temperature | T C | 385 ° C |
Critical pressure | P C | 18 bar |
Critical volume | V C | 0.754 l mol −1 |
Critical density | ρ C | 1.3 mol·l −1 |
Safety-related parameters
At higher temperatures, dodecane forms flammable vapor-air mixtures. The compound has a flash point of 80 ° C. The explosion range begins at 0.6 vol.% (40 g / m 3 ) as the lower explosion limit (LEL). The lower explosion point is 72 ° C., The ignition temperature is 200 ° C. The substance therefore falls into temperature class T4.
Use and occurrence
It is used in the reprocessing of spent fuel elements as a solvent for tributyl phosphate (TBP) in the extraction of uranium and plutonium ( PUREX process ). Dodecane is a component of diesel fuel .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Entry on dodecane. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on December 25, 2014.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Entry on dodecane in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on April 16, 2018(JavaScript required) .
- ↑ David R. Lide (Ed.): CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics . 90th edition. (Internet version: 2010), CRC Press / Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, FL, Physical Constants of Organic Compounds, pp. 3-224.
- ↑ CB Williamham, WJ Taylor, JM Pignocco, FD Rossini: Vapor Pressures and Boiling Points of Some Paraffin, Alkylcyclopentane, Alkylcyclohexane, and Alkylbenzene Hydrocarbons. In: J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. (US) 35, 1945, pp. 219-244, doi: 10.6028 / jres.035.009 .
- ↑ a b c E. J. Prosen, FD Rossini: Heats of combustion and formation of the paraffin hydrocarbons at 25 ° C. In: J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. (US) 34, 1945, pp. 263-267, doi: 10.6028 / jres.034.013 .
- ↑ a b J.-PE Grolier, GC Benson: Thermodynamic properties of binary mixtures containing ketones. VIII. Heat capacities and volumes of some n-alkanone + n-alkane mixtures at 298.15 K. In: Can. J. Chem. 62, 1984, pp. 949-953, doi: 10.1139 / v84-156 , (pdf)
- ↑ a b H. L. Finke, ME Gross, G. Waddington, HM Huffman: Low-temperature thermal data for the nine normal paraffin hydrocarbons from octane to hexadecane. In: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 76, 1954, pp. 333-341, doi: 10.1021 / ja01631a005 .
- ↑ RM Stephenson, S. Malanowski: Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds Springer, 1987, ISBN 94-010-7923-4 , doi: 10.1007 / 978-94-009-3173-2 .
- ^ V. Majer, V. Svoboda: Enthalpies of Vaporization of Organic Compounds: A Critical Review and Data Compilation. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford 1985, p. 300.
- ↑ a b c d D. Ambrose, C. Tsonopoulos: Vapor-Liquid Critical Properties of Elements and Compounds. 2. Normal Alkenes. In: J. Chem. Eng. Data . 40, 1995, pp. 531-546, doi: 10.1021 / je00019a001 .