Dodecasyllabic verse

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The dodecasyllabic verse ( Greek : δωδεκασύλλαβος στίχος dodekasyllabos stíchos "twelve-syllable verse") or twelve-syllable is an iambic meter of the Middle Greek metric .

The verse emerged from the iambic trimeter of the ancient Greek quantifying metric, which is based on the following scheme:

x - U - | x || - U || - | x - U -.

Since the vowel quantities are no longer present in the medieval and modern pronunciation of Greek , the rules compared to the ancient iambic trimeter are changed so that the character is perceived as a verse even without it:

  • There is no longer any possibility of breaking long syllables into two short ones in certain positions so that the verse always has twelve syllables.
  • The penultimate syllable is always stressed.

The ancient rules of prosody are either fully, partially (with the exception of the vowels α ι υ, which can be short or long in ancient Greek) or not at all.

The verse is used in most epigrams of the Byzantine period and in the poems of Georgios Pisides , Johannes Geometres and Theodoros Prodromos , among others . Purely rhythmic political verse has been at his side since the 10th century without completely displacing it.

literature

  • Λεξικό Νεοελληνικής Λογοτεχνίας. Πρόσωπα, έργα, ρεύματα, όροι . Αθήνα: εκδ. Πατάκη 2007, ISBN 978-9-60162-237-8 , under the keyword "ίαμβος".
  • Eirini Afentoulidou: On the accentuating metrics of the iambic canons ascribed to Johannes Damaskenos . In: Wolfram Hörandner , Johannes Koder , Maria A. Stassinopoulou (eds.): Viennese Byzantine Studies and Neo-Greek Studies. Contribution to the symposium forty years of the Institute for Byzantine and Neo-Greek Studies at the University of Vienna in memory of Herbert Hunger (Vienna, December 4-7, 2002) . Vienna 2004 (Byzantina et Neograeca Vindobonensia, XXIV), pp. 45–52.
  • Marc de Groote: The Byzantine twelve-silver in Joannes Geometres' metaphrase of the odes . In: Byzantinische Zeitschrift 96 (2003) 73–81.
  • Albrecht Dihle : The beginnings of Greek accentuating verse art . In: Hermes 82 (1954) 182-99.
  • Marc Lauxtermann : The Velocity of Pure Iambs: Byzantine observations on the meter and rhythm of the dodecasyllable. In: Yearbook of Austrian Byzantine Studies 48 (1998) 9–33.
  • Marc Lauxtermann: The Spring of Rhythm: an essay on the political verse and other Byzantine meters (Byzantina Vindobonensia XXII) (Vienna, 1999).
  • Paul Maas : Greek Meter . Oxford: Clarendon Press 1962.
  • Paul Maas: The Byzantine twelve silver . In: Byzantine Journal 12 (1903) 278–323.
  • Felix Scheidweiler : Studies on Johannes Geometres . In: Byzantinische Zeitschrift 45 (1952) 271-319.