Dolganen
The people of the Dolgans ( Dolgan. Долган / Dolgan , Тыа-кихи / TyA kichi , Саха / Sacha ; russ. Долганы / Dolgany ) is a turksprachiges indigenous people of the Russian North .
The Dolganic language belongs to the northern group of Turkic languages and is closely related to the Yakut language . In the 2002 census , 7,261 people identified themselves as Dolganen, of whom 5,517 lived in Taimyr Autonomous County .
Traditionally, the Dolgans were mainly reindeer herders , hunters and fishermen. During the era of the Soviet Union , most of them were forcibly sedentary and subjected to forced collectivization .
The centuries-old Russian influence on the Dolgans and other small peoples of Siberia has led to an extensive culturally Russification . In contrast, the Soviet Union decided in 1989 to take far-reaching measures to stop or reverse this process: mother-tongue school classes were set up to preserve the language. Educational programs in reindeer herding, hunting and fur farming have started. These laws were adopted by the Russian state in December 1991 after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Since then, the retraditionalization of the wild- hunting subsistence economy has intensified within the framework of the increasing isolation of the Dolganen; the primary source of protein is again game and fish.
religion
The so-called "classical shamanism" was the ethnic religion of the Dolgans. The ethnologist Klaus E. Müller speaks of "elemental shamanism" and means those forms that have largely developed without outside influences.
Today the Dolgans are Russian Orthodox with shamanic elements. They had a pronounced bird symbolism (heavenly journey) and believed in nine heavens. Host spirits lived in stones, trees or things made by people and acted as guardian and auxiliary spirits.
Christianization only took place superficially among many remote peoples of Siberia, so that syncretistic mixed religions are common today.
Web links
- The Dolganen report of the radio station "Voice of Russia"
Individual evidence
- ↑ [URL https://www.gfbv.de/de/news/indigene-voelker-im-norden-russlands-und-sibiriens-174/ .] In: Information of the Society for Threatened Peoples South Tyrol, from Die kleine Völker des far north and far east of Russia. A current situation report with a historical and ethnographic introduction , Bozen 1998, accessed on September 15, 2019.
- ^ Department of Economic and Social Affairs: State of the World's Indigenous Peoples . In: un.org, publication ST / ESA / 328, 2009, accessed on January 22, 2020. p. 18.
- ↑ Klaus E. Müller: Shamanism. Healers, spirits, rituals. 4th edition, CH Beck, Munich 2010 (original edition 1997), ISBN 978-3-406-41872-3 . Pp. 30-33, 41.
- ↑ The small peoples of the far north and far east of Russia. Society for Threatened Peoples - South Tyrol, Bozen 1998.