Yakuts
Yakuts ( Yakut . Сахалар / Sachalar ; Russian Якуты / Jakuty ) or Sakha is the name of a modern Turkic people who are resident in the autonomous Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) within the Russian Federation in Far Eastern Siberia .
The Russian census of 2002 showed that 443,852 Yakuts live in Russia. Of these, 432,290 lived in the Sakha Republic. There are Yakut minorities on the Amur , on Sakhalin , in Magadan and in the Krasnoyarsk region .
origin
Archaeological finds show great resemblance to the Buryats and Altai people . Genetic analyzes show that they are closely related to other Turkic peoples , especially the Kazakhs and Altai people. When comparing the mitochondrial DNA of 117 Yakuts with that of other Eurasian peoples, a high genetic match with the Tungusian Evenks , who partly colonize the same area, as well as with the Turkic-speaking Tuwinians living in southern Siberia could be proven.
history
Yakut society was traditionally divided into nobility , free people and slaves . They lived as hunters , fishermen and, to a very small extent, as farmers or reindeer and horse breeders. Nevertheless, the breeding of the Yakut horse has a special meaning in the culture of the Yakuts.
Their relocation was the last of the migrations of Turkish populations from Central Asia. In contrast to all other Turkic peoples, the Yakuts did not follow the southern or western routes, but wandered northeast into the Lena valley . The migrant movement of the Yakuts began in the 12th century - at a time when the Mongol clans were expanding their sphere of influence.
Culture
The Yakuts were Christianized in the 1820s and today the majority profess to Russian Orthodox Christianity , whereby a large number of shamanic- religious practices have been preserved and are still widely practiced. These include the music therapy practices of traditional healers, in which the jew's harp chomus is played or ghost invocation chants accompanied by shaman's drums. The spiritual concept and world model underlying the healings is called kut-siur . There were "white shamans" who made offerings and were prayer specialists, but who did not undertake a soul journey , had no contact with spirits and, unlike the actual necromancer, did not fall into ecstasy .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Josef Guter: The great lexicon of the peoples. Komet, Cologne 2006, ISBN 3-89836-580-8 , p. 166.
- ↑ Nationality statistics of the Russian census of 2002 (in English) ( MS Excel ; 203 kB)
- ^ VA Stepanov: Origin of Sakha: Analysis of Y-chromosome haplotypes . In: Molecular Biology . Volume 42, No. 2, 2008, pp. 226-237 (English).
- ↑ Research Report 200312-130 ( Memento of 12 June 2007 at the Internet Archive ) of the Max Planck Society
- ↑ Harald Haarmann : World history of languages. From the early days of man to the present (= Beck'sche series. 1703). CH Beck, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-406-55120-3 , p. 274.