Dragons

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As Dragonnades is called the King's sanctions Louis XIV. Of France against the Protestant Camisards in the Cevennes and other Huguenots in southwest and southern France. The goal was to force their conversion to the Catholic faith.

activities

Dragoons , hence the name “dragonade” or “missionaries in boots”, were quartered on the orders of the king in the villages that were considered insubordinate or even potentially rebellious , but only in the houses of Protestants. The families affected had to put up with the soldiers in their homes and pay for their food. Very often the dragoons ransacked houses, extorted money and harassed women to the point of rape. They also monitored the residents of the house to prevent them from reading, studying the Bible, or singing psalms . Because reading the Bible and singing psalms was not common among Catholics and was regarded as a distinguishing feature of Protestants. At the same time, reading the Bible and singing psalms was essential for Protestants as a source of consolation and strength in the persecution.

history

The first dragoonade was carried out in 1681 by the director of the Poitou province , René de Marillac. More dragons followed in 1683 and 1684.

Since 1685 practicing the Protestant Reformed faith was punishable by the repeal of the Edict of Nantes . From September to December 1685 the performance of dragonades multiplied. Some of the Protestants could not withstand the everyday pressure and declared themselves ready to convert to the Catholic Church. In the inaccessible Cevennes, however, the majority of the camisards put up a hesitant resistance that lasted two decades. When the camisards did not allow themselves to be intimidated by the dragons, hundreds of Protestant villages were destroyed on the king's orders.

literature

in order of appearance

  • Eugène Bonnemère: Les dragonnades sous Louis XIV. Histoire des Camisards . Décembre-Alonnier, Paris 1869.
  • Nathanaël Weiss (ed.): Les dragonnades en Poitou. Journal de Jean Migault, maître d'école (1681–1688) . Societé de l'Histoire du Protestantisme Français, Paris 1910.
  • Yves Krumenacker: Les dragonnades du Poitou. Leur écho dans les mémoires . In: Bulletin de la Société de l'Histoire du Protestantisme Français , Vol. 131 (1985), pp. 405-422.
  • Frederik Knetsch: Debate on dragonnades, 1685–1686. The events in France as seen by Bossuet , Jurieu and Rou . In: Nederlands archief voor kerkgeschiedenis , vol. 78 (1998), pp. 216-227.

Web link

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Lucien Bély: Louis XIV. Le plus grand roi du monde . Gisserot, Paris 2005, ISBN 2-877-47772-X , p. 205.
  2. ↑ The Bible in France at the time of the persecution (1685-1760) in the portal Virtual Museum of Protestantism .
  3. ↑ Eugène Bonnemère: . Les dragonnades sous Louis XIV Histoire des Camisards . Décembre-Alonnier, Paris 1869, p. 142.
  4. ↑ Eberhard Gresch: The Huguenots. History, Belief and Impact. 4th, revised edition. Evangelische Verlagsanstalt, Leipzig 2009, ISBN 978-3-374-02260-1 , p. 70
  5. ↑ Yves Krumenacker: Les dragonnades du Poitou. Leur écho dans les mémoires . In: Bulletin de la Société de l'Histoire du Protestantisme Français , Vol. 131 (1985), pp. 405-422.
  6. ^ Frederik Knetsch: Debate on dragonnades, 1685–1686. The events in France as seen by Bossuet, Jurieu and Rou . In: Nederlands archief voor kerkgeschiedenis , vol. 78 (1998), pp. 216-227.
  7. ^ Sophie Bazalgette: The rising of the camisards . In: Chrystel Bernat (ed.): The camisards. A collection of essays on the history of the war in the Cevennes (1702–1710) . German Huguenot Society, Bad Karlshafen 2003, ISBN 3-930481-16-2 , pp. 69-92.