Three-state solution
The three-state solution is a proposal for a solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict between Israel and the Palestinians . This approach envisages transferring control of the West Bank to Jordan and that of the Gaza Strip to Egypt .
On the other hand, the term is also used to represent an approach with a Gaza Strip independent of the West Bank, so that there are two Palestinian states alongside Israel .
history
The three-state solution essentially replicates the situation that existed between the Armistice Agreement of 1949 and the Six Day War of 1967; In 1949, Egypt occupied the Gaza Strip and Transjordan the West Bank with East Jerusalem ; there was no separate Palestinian-Arab territory. In 1950, Transjordan officially annexed the West Bank, granted the Arab residents Jordanian citizenship and officially renamed itself Jordan .
feasibility
The two-state solution is the predominant and advocated option, but a three-state solution is also repeatedly considered where the viability of a Palestinian state is in doubt (see Proponents section). In early 2009, the New York Times reported that Egypt and Jordan were increasingly concerned about the possibility of re-assuming responsibility for the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, respectively.
Advocates
American diplomat John R. Bolton , who was ambassador to the United Nations , advocated a three-state approach in a 2009 Washington Post article . He saw the two-state solution as a failure.
For the Islam-critical American historian and publicist Daniel Pipes , the “shared Jordanian-Egyptian rule” is the only remaining practical approach that worked quite well between 1948 and 1967 (“[ the] only one practical approach, that which worked tolerably well in the period 1948-67 ") after he had classified Israeli control over the territories, a Palestinian state and a binational state as non-functioning.
The Israeli historian Benny Morris also sees no possibility for a one -state or two-state solution; In his book One State, Two States: Resolving the Israel / Palestine Conflict , he instead promotes a Palestinian-Jordanian confederation.
In 2009, MP Arieh Eldad proposed to the Knesset that the Palestinians of the West Bank be granted Jordanian citizenship. The proposal aroused strong protests on the Jordanian side, the Jordanian Foreign Minister Nasser Dschudeh convened the Israeli ambassador and called on the Israeli government to explain. Israel's Foreign Ministry then made it clear that this was only the proposal of a Knesset member and did not represent the government position.
Alternative use of the term
The term three-state solution is also used to describe the Palestinian situation since Hamas took control of the Gaza Strip. In 2007 the Islamist party and terrorist organization took control of the area or withdrew control from the Palestinian Authority ; the Gaza Strip is de facto governed independently of the West Bank, but is dependent on supplies from abroad and on the Palestinian Authority.
The German political scientist Volker Perthes saw such a three-state solution as being non-negotiable among the Palestinians.
literature
- Ephraim Karsh . Arafat's War: The Man and His Battle for Israeli Conquest . New York: Grove Press, 2003.
- Benny Morris . One State, Two States: Resolving the Israel / Palestine Conflic Yale University Press, 2010. ISBN 978-0300164442
Individual evidence
- ↑ Crisis Imperils two-state plan, shifting a balance The New York Times , January 11, 2009
- ^ The Three-State Option, The Washington Post , Jan. 5, 2009
- ↑ Solving the "Palestinian problem" , danielpipes.org , published in The Jerusalem Post , January 9th 2009
- ^ No Common Ground in the Sunday Book Review of the New York Times , May 20, 2009
- ↑ Jordan summons Israeli ambassador on bill The Jerusalem Post , May 26, 2009
- ^ A Three State Solution? ( Memento of August 5, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Michael Moran, Council on Foreign Relations , June 19, 2007
- ↑ Talk to Hamas Interview with Zeit Online , June 21, 2007