Dysgerminoma
| Classification according to ICD-10 | |
|---|---|
| C56 | Malignant neoplasm of the ovary |
| ICD-10 online (WHO version 2019) | |
The dysgerminoma (syn .: seminoma of the ovary) is a malignant tumor of the ovary and belongs to the malignant germ cell tumors of women. Dysgerminomas are usually hormonally inactive. The tumor consists of undifferentiated germ cells and grows rapidly.
Epidemiology
The dysgerminoma is the most common malignant germ cell tumor in women and accounts for around 2–5% of all malignant ovarian tumors. It occurs particularly in younger women, around 90% of the patients are younger than 30 years. Due to its peak age, the dysgerminoma is often discovered during pregnancy.
Symptoms
The symptoms of the dysgerminoma are unspecific and mostly characterized by pain in the abdominal area. If the tumor is ischemia , there may be signs of an acute abdomen .
Spread
About 70–80% of dysgerminomas are limited to one ovary (corresponds to stage 1A), in 10–15% of all cases both ovaries are involved. In the case of dysgerminoma, the incidence of lymph node involvement is the highest at almost 30% compared to other germ cell tumors.
therapy
The treatment of the dysgerminoma consists of the surgical removal of an adnexa in the case of the desire to have children and stage 1A. Bilateral adnectomy, hysterectomy , omentectomy should be performed if there is no longer a desire to have children or if there are higher-grade stages. An irradiation with 30-40 Gy is useful due to the high radiosensitivity of the tumor after surgery. In stage IA, chemotherapy is not necessary after an operation. In higher stages and also in patients in whom the tumor could not be completely removed, a cure is possible with 3-fold chemotherapy. The chemotherapy consists of bleomycin , etoposide and cisplatin (BEP) or a combination of cisplatin, vinblastine and bleomycin (PVB).
forecast
The 10-year survival rate is 75–90% if the capsule is intact, there is no ascites , the tumor is less than 10 cm and is not attached to neighboring structures.
literature
- JM Weiss: Overview of germ cell tumors of the ovary. In: Gynecological Endocrinology. 8 (2010), doi : 10.1007 / s10304-010-0361-2 , pp. 191-196.
- W. Schröder, HG Meerpohl: Dysgerminom . In: H.-J. Schmoll (Ed.): Compendium of internal oncology. Springer, 2006, ISBN 3-540-20657-4 , pp. 4515-4521.
