Shooting in (indirect fire)
Sighting in is a method of indirect shooting , especially by artillery , when there is no reliable basis for shooting. The sighting-in can take place either directly at the target or at a sighting-in point.
Various methods are in use:
Eye stripe procedure
In the Bundeswehr , the eye-stripe method is used to guide artillery fire by combat troops when no Joint Fire Support Team (JFST, formerly artillery observer ) is available or by JFST when its technical means are not operational.
The command consists of the specification of the enemy type of service - choice of ammunition -, your own location according to MGRS , the marching compass number in the direction of the enemy as a line of sight and the estimated or measured distance to the enemy. Through forks in front of it - behind it, left - right - for correction, correction commands are given with "x distance" "Cancel" if the last shot was behind it, "Close" if the last shot was in front - the lead gun is fired at the enemy and then the entire fire of an artillery battery or a mortar train - with the last corrective command as the fire command "whole battery / complete mortar train" - combined to form a fire in a fire.
In the Swiss Army , this is known as the fork procedure and a fire command is formed with the existing principles (shot 1). First, the shots are brought into the eye of the observer (shot 2), only experienced observers should give a distance correction. The fire control center converts the corrections according to the line of sight (= angle of view of the shooter on the target). Then it is shot in such a way that the shots appear alternately behind (shot 3) the target (fork). The correction is halved, beginning with an even multiple of 100 m, when the 50 m correction is reached, the zeroing in is ended (shot 4). In the case of undulating terrain, the detonation point can be raised using double fuses (time fuses) so that the observer can see the shot.
In the Swiss Army , the following "donkey bridge" is used for the sequence of commands for this procedure:
- "SHIT"
- S = side (e.g. to the right 100 )
- H = height (e.g. lower 50 )
- I = interval (distance, e.g. longer 50 )
- T = Tempierung (e.g. 50 less )
The corrections are always made from the point of view of the firing officer.
In Germany according to the sketch: "100 right" - "400 add" - "200 abort" - "whole battery, x groups, fire!"
Shoot up
The approach corresponds to the input, but is shot from one side. This procedure is used as a substitute if the insertion point cannot be forked in, for example because it is too close to your own troops or because of the topographical conditions the service in front of or behind the insertion point cannot be seen.
Distance coefficients
Three shots are fired at a flawless point on the map, these shots are measured by the shooter using a laser or radar . A distance coefficient is formed from the mean deviation, which is used in the transmission range to correct the calculated shot values.
literature
- Paul Schmalenbach: The history of the German ship artillery. 3rd revised edition, Koehler Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Herford 1993, ISBN 3-7822-0577-4 .