Single tonume
Single tonumen are neumes of Gregorian chant , which consist of a single tone of any pitch . Group neumes , which are composed of two or three individual tones, are referred to as double tonum and triple tonum. When combining group neumes, multi- group neumes are used .
Individual tonum can have very different interpretations. These can only be differentiated to a small extent in the pure square notation . In the more modern neography , the differences between the individual tonumen are shown more precisely. It is even more helpful to study the original Neumen manuscripts, in which a distinction is made between various individual tonumens.
The quilisma never appears as the first neume and often in combination with a pes , the so-called quilisma-pes . It is noticeable that the Qulisma is often one tone above the preceding tone and is followed by a semitone step upwards.
Even the oriscus never appears a melody as the first Neume. Conversely, as in the Quilisma, the Oriscus is usually half a tone above the preceding tone and, in the case of the Oriscus Pes, is usually followed by a whole tone step upwards.
notation
The most important single tonum are listed below with the usual diastematic and adiastematic notation in alphabetical order:
| designation | Square notation | Notation St. Gallen / Einsiedeln |
|---|---|---|
| Oriscus |  |
|
| Punctum | |
|
| Inclinate punctum |  |
|
| Quilisma |  |
|
| Stropha / Apostropha / Strophicus | |
|
| Tractulus | |
|
| Uncinus | |
 (Laon Code)
|
| Virga |
|
|