Eman (Danzhou)

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Eman ( Chinese  峨 蔓 鎮  /  峨 蔓 镇 , Pinyin Émàn Zhèn ) is a large community in the north of the district-free city of Danzhou in the Chinese province of Hainan . It has an area of ​​76.5 km² and 29,000 inhabitants (as of 2016). Units of the People's Liberation Army have been stationed on the coast since the 1960s ( Vietnam is on the opposite side of the Gulf of Tonkin from Eman ), and in 2008 a telemetry station for the rockets of the Hainan Sounding Department of the Chinese Academy of Sciences was built there.

history

Under the impact of ever-increasing incursions of Japanese Wokou -Banditen were from 1380 numerous along the Chinese coast large fortresses (卫, Pinyin Wei ) and coast guard stations (所, Pinyin suǒ built). In the final state of development from around 1410, there were a total of 493 fortresses and 2592 coastal guard stations, one of them Bingmaling (兵马 岭, "Troop Hill"), also known as Bingmajiao (兵马 角, "Cape of the Troops"), on a strategically important headland for example 4 km north of today's administrative seat of the large municipality. The guards there (所 人) - 5,600 men were stationed all over Hainan at the time - were so-called "hereditary soldiers" (世袭 军人) who lived there as self-supporting military farmers with their families. Real villages have existed in the area of ​​the greater municipality since 1819, including Denglongli (登 龙 里). In the anti-Japanese war the village Tangbai (棠 柏村) on today's state road 308 in the south of the large community played a special role, which at that time consisted of 113 families with a total of 678 people. Between February 1940 and February 1942 the Japanese army attacked the village nine times, twice with air and artillery support, killing a total of 337 people, destroying 335 buildings and stealing 382 draft oxen. Many other villages were also destroyed and initially not rebuilt after the end of the war. When the People's Liberation Army captured Hainan in 1950, they found the area largely in ruins.

In 1957 the community Eman (峨 蔓 乡) was founded. A year later, the community became part of the Mutang People's Commune (木 棠 公社, now a large parish of Danzhou ). In 1961 an independent people's commune Eman (峨 蔓 公社) was founded, which was dissolved again in 1983 as part of the reform and opening policy ; Eman first became a municipality of Danzhou. In 1986 Eman was finally raised to an independent large municipality.

Administrative structure

Eman is made up of 13 administrative villages. These are:

Bijia village (笔架 村);
Changrong Village (长荣 村);
Duomei village (多 美 村);
Duoye village (多 业 村);
Eman village (峨 蔓 村), seat of government of the large community;
Gaogen village (高根 村);
Huangsha Village (黄沙 村);
Longmen Village (龙门 村);
Maoyuan Village (茅 园村);
Pianshi village (片 石村);
Tianjing Village (田井村);
Wangpo Village (王 坡村);
Yanding village (盐 丁 村).

Bingmajiao lighthouse

The lighthouse Bingmajiao (兵马 角 灯塔, Pinyin Bīngmǎjiǎo Dēngtǎ ) on the headland of the same name in the north of the municipality goes back to an eight-meter-high pillar made of masonry stones, which the department for navigation signs of the waterways and shipping administration of the Guangdong province (广东 省 航务局 航道 处 航标 科) went into operation there on December 27, 1951. Since the location is high on a steep bank, the lamp was on top of the column at high tide 45 m above the water surface. On December 29, 1994, construction began on today's 41.4 m high lightening tower made of reinforced concrete, which was put into operation on December 13, 1995. The beacon, which flashes every six seconds, is 71.3 m above the surface of the water at high tide and can be seen 22 nautical miles on clear weather. Since the shipping traffic in the port of the Yangpu industrial park (洋浦 经济 开发区) continued to increase, with - in addition to normal freighters - fishing boats, naval vessels and dangerous goods freighters, the Ministry of the Environment of the Hainan Province approved the Hainan Maritime Office on November 24, 2014 about 20 m north of the Lighthouse started the construction of the Yangpu traffic control center (洋浦 VTS 中心) with a radar system installed on a 38 m high reinforced concrete mast. 19 ° 53 '32.9 "  N , 109 ° 15' 41.8"  E

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ 海南 省 儋州市 峨 蔓 镇 简介. In: danzhou.gov.cn. December 14, 2016, accessed May 20, 2020 (Chinese).
  2. ↑ 刘 成才: 关于 规划 建设 儋州 北部 湾 滨海 旅游 公路 的 建议. In: hainan.gov.cn. April 2, 2013, accessed May 20, 2020 (Chinese).
  3. ↑ 子午 工程 ： 空间 科学 国 之 重 器. In: sciping.com. September 9, 2019, accessed May 20, 2020 (Chinese).
  4. ↑ 雄 崖 卫士. In: k.sina.cn. January 2, 2020, accessed May 22, 2020 (Chinese).
  5. ↑ 刚 峰 看 世界: 明朝 兵部尚书 海南 籍 乡贤 薛 远 ， 到底 是 琼山 人 还是 儋州 人？ In: card.weibo.com. December 23, 2019, accessed May 22, 2020 (Chinese).
  6. ↑ 林冠群: “率 群 向 化” 的 琼西 古代 乡贤. In: hainan.gov.cn. January 19, 2016, accessed May 22, 2020 (Chinese).
  7. ↑ 谢 有 造: “三 爱” 教育 辅导 报告. In: dzsggw.org. April 27, 2015, accessed May 22, 2020 (Chinese).
  8. ↑ 海南 省 儋州市 峨 蔓 镇. In: tcmap.com.cn. Retrieved May 22, 2020 (Chinese).
  9. ↑ 2019 年 统计 用 区划 代码 和 城乡 划分 代码 ： 峨 蔓 镇. In: stats.gov.cn. Retrieved May 22, 2020 (Chinese).
  10. ↑ 陈少婷: 兵马 角 灯塔. In: hi.chinanews.com. October 21, 2019, accessed May 23, 2020 (Chinese).
  11. ↑ 洋浦 港. In: chinaports.com. Retrieved May 23, 2020 (Chinese).
  12. ↑ 海南 省 国土 环境 资源 厅 关于 批复 洋浦 船舶 交通 管理 系统工程 雷达 项目 （兵马 角 雷达站） 环境 影响 报告 表 的 函. In: hnsthb.hainan.gov.cn. November 24, 2014, accessed May 23, 2020 (Chinese).

Coordinates: 19 ° 51 '  N , 109 ° 16'  E