Danzhou

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Location of the independent city of Danzhou in Hainan

Danzhou (儋州市; Pinyin : Dānzhōu Shì) is a district-free city in the northwest of the Chinese island province of Hainan . Danzhou covers an area of ​​3398 km² - one tenth the area of ​​Hainan - with a coastline of 307 km. This makes it the largest of the prefecture-level cities and districts on the island, both in terms of area and coastline. Danzhou has 187,340 hectares of forest, which means 54.7% of the total area is covered by forest. At the end of 2017, Danzhou had around 1,050,000 residents.

history

The members of the tribe originally living in the Danzhou area used to wear heavy earrings, called "Er" (珥), that pulled their earlobes down. Such droopy ears are referred to in Chinese as "Dan" (儋). Hence the tribe was known as Dan'er (儋 耳) in China. As General Lu Bode (路博德) 110 BC Chr. Hainan for the Western Han Dynasty conquered, he taught at the site of the present Danzhou the commandant Dan'er (儋耳郡) one, with the circle Dan'er (儋耳县) as the seat of government. In 622, after General Li Yuan had overthrown the Sui Dynasty and founded the Tang Dynasty , the Dan'er headquarters was renamed “Dan Prefecture” or “Danzhou” (儋 州), the seat of government was in Yilun County (义 伦 县, today's large community Zhonghe). This is the "Old Town of Danzhou" (儋州 故城) , which has been a listed building since 2006 .

In 1097, during the Northern Song Dynasty , the imperial official Su Shi , better known under his pseudonym "Su Dongpo" , was demoted again after being demoted in 1094 and transferred to Huizhou , Guangdong , and initially as assistant to the prefect to Qiongzhou (琼州, today's Haikou ), then transferred to Danzhou. During the three years he spent there - in 1100 Su Dongpo was rehabilitated and returned to northern China - he wrote numerous poems and brought the culture of the central plains to Hainan. In honor of the poet, his old residence, the "Study Hall " (载 酒 堂, Pinyin Zàijiǔ Táng ), was later renamed the " Dongpo Academy ". It has been a listed building since 1996.

At the end of the 15th century, during the reign of Emperor Zhu Youtang (1488–1505), Hainan suffered repeated floods and drought. Nonetheless, two consecutive governors, Zhang Huan (张 桓) and Yu Jun (余 浚), extorted taxes and levies in an excessive manner. In the summer of 1501, Fu Nanshe (符 南 蛇, 1465–1502) from what is now Haitou, whose family had led the Li in Danzhou for generations , organized an uprising, which was also joined by the Han Chinese . Road traffic in northwestern Hainan came to a standstill, and the insurgents even besieged Danzhou and occupied Lingao . As a result, the government in Beijing dispatched 20,000 soldiers who attacked the five main rebel bases. However, these killed more than 3,000 government soldiers, whereupon 100,000 more soldiers were dispatched from Guangdong and Guangxi under the command of General Mao Shui (毛 税). In 1502 Fu Nanshe was struck by an arrow and drowned in a river, and in early 1503 the rebellion was finally suppressed. Remnants of the rebels retreated to the so-called "Cape of the Troops" (兵马 角), a headland in the north of today's large municipality Eman, where they continued to attack the government troops for more than ten years with surprise attacks.

1912, in the 2nd year of the Republic , the prefecture Dan became the county downgraded and the District of Qiongya (琼崖道) was assumed that today's Hainan Province corresponds. On April 16, 1939, Japanese troops landed in the large community of Baimajing and conquered city by city in the following two and a half weeks, until they had seized the entire district on April 4, 1939 with the occupation of Nada. In the six years up to the end of the war, the Japanese occupation forces murdered more than 30,000 people in various massacres in the district, a good 600 of them members of the Chinese Communist Party and anti-Japanese resistance fighters of the Kuomintang , the rest civilians. More than 10,000 houses were burned down and more than 300 villages were completely destroyed. This made Dan one of the districts on the island most affected by Japanese war crimes.

After the People's Liberation Army captured Hainan in 1950, the old administrative structure was initially retained. In 1959, however, the seat of the county government was moved from Xinzhou to Nada. On March 3, 1993, Dan County was dissolved and converted to Danzhou City . On February 19, 2015, Danzhou was finally upgraded to a prefecture-level city at the proposal of the Hainan Provincial Government and with the approval of the State Council of the People's Republic of China ; the seat of government is still in Nada.

Administrative structure

Danzhou has no county-level breakdown; At the community level, the city is made up of 16 large communities . These are:

Greater community Baimajing (白马井镇);
Dacheng Municipality (大成 镇);
Greater community Dongcheng (东成镇);
Greater Municipality of Eman (峨 蔓 镇);
Greater community Guangcun (光村镇);
Haitou Municipality (海 头镇);
Greater community Heqing (和庆镇);
Greater community Lanyang (兰洋镇);
Greater community Mutang (木棠镇);
Nada Municipality (那 大 镇), seat of the city government;
Nanfeng Municipality (南 丰镇);
Greater community Paipu (排浦镇);
Greater community Wangwu (王五镇);
Greater community Xinzhou (新州镇);
Greater community Yaxing (雅星镇);
Greater community Zhonghe (中和镇).

Transport links

country

In addition to the Danzhou station on the western line of the Hainan ring railway (海南西 环 铁路), which went into operation in March 2004 and is located on the northwestern outskirts of Nada, which also serves as a freight station, the high-speed trains on the western line of the Hainan high-speed ring railway (海南西 环 高速 铁路) stop in Guangcun (Yintan Station), Baimajing and Haitou. The Hainan ring road crosses the northern part of the Danzhou area, while the 225 national road connects Nada directly with the provincial capital Haikou and Sanya in the south of the island.

lake

The fishing port Baimajing (白马 井 港, Pinyin Báimǎjǐng Gǎng ) has existed since the Eastern Han Dynasty (25–220). When General Ma Yuan recaptured southern China for the central government from 41, his troops landed there, and the Japanese occupation forces also used the port for their invasion in 1939. From 1987, due to the reform and opening-up policy, Hong Kong traders came to Baimajing to buy salted fish at a price that was well above the market price at the time. This, and the fish processing plants that were subsequently established, brought prosperity to the local population. The port has been operated by today's Südmeer Fischerei GmbH (海南 省 南海 现代 渔业 集团 有限公司) since 1958, it offers four berths for ships of the 2000-ton class and three berths for ships of the 1000-ton class. On January 19, 1974, two of the company's fishing boats took part in the sea battle for the Paracel Islands under the command of the People's Militia . China won the confrontation with Vietnam and has occupied the archipelago ever since.

Web links

Footnotes

  1. ↑ 基本 概况. In: danzhou.gov.cn. December 21, 2017, accessed May 17, 2020 (Chinese).
  2. ↑ Wu Chunming: A Synthetic Analysis of the Neolithic Origins of Eastern and Southeastern Asia's Maritime Silk Road. In: Wu Chunming and Barry Vladimir Rolett (Eds.): Prehistoric Maritime Cultures and Seafaring in East Asia. The Archeology of Asia-Pacific Navigation 1. Springer Nature , Singapore 2019. p. 28.
  3. ^ Charles O. Hucker: A Dictionary of Official Titles in Imperial China. Stanford University Press , Stanford 1985, p. 380.
  4. ↑ 罗 竹 风 （主编） ：汉语大词典.第九卷. 汉语大词典 出版社, 上海 1994 （第二 次 印刷）, p. 1245.
  5. ↑ 林诗 成: 符 南 蛇. In: hainan.gov.cn. September 11, 2008, accessed May 23, 2020 (Chinese).
  6. ↑ 陈少婷: 儋州 龙门 激浪. In: hi.chinanews.com. October 21, 2019, accessed May 23, 2020 (Chinese).
  7. ↑ 谢 有 造: “三 爱” 教育 辅导 报告. In: dzsggw.org. April 27, 2015, accessed May 15, 2020 (Chinese).
  8. ↑ 中华人民共和国 二 〇 一 五年 县级 以上 行政 区划 变更 情况. In: 202.108.98.30. Retrieved May 15, 2020 (Chinese).
  9. ↑ 2019 年 统计 用 区划 代码 和 城乡 划分 代码 ： 儋州市. In: stats.gov.cn. Retrieved May 17, 2020 (Chinese).
  10. ↑ 王子谦: 海南 白马 井 渔港 —— 小渔 婆 成就 大 渔港. In: danzhou.gov.cn. September 13, 2018, accessed May 18, 2020 (Chinese).
  11. ↑ 海南南海 现代 渔业 开发 有限公司. In: finance.ifeng.com. March 23, 2009, accessed May 18, 2020 (Chinese).
  12. ↑ 集团 简介. In: nanhaifishery.com. Retrieved May 18, 2020 (Chinese).

Coordinates: 19 ° 31 '  N , 109 ° 34'  E