Wenchang

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Wenchang city location (red)

Wenchang ( Chinese  文昌 市 , Pinyin Wénchāng Shì ) is a city in the northeast of the Chinese province of Hainan, which is directly subordinate to the provincial government . Wenchang covers a mainland area of ​​2,488 km² and a sea area of ​​5,245 km². At the end of 2017, Wenchang had 563,500 residents, 52.74% of which was urban. The Wenchang Cosmodrome , the southernmost of the Chinese space stations, is located on their territory .

history

Hainan originally belonged to the area of ​​the " Hundred Vietnamese Tribes " who lived there in clan associations, but not organized in a state; the descendants of the Hainan clans are today's Li . In 110 BC General Lu Bode (路博德) conquered the island for the Han dynasty , integrated it into the province of Jiaozhi (交 阯, today's Guangdong ) and established the Zhuya (珠崖 郡) command post on the site of today's Haikou . One of the circles of the commandant's office was Zibei (紫 贝 县), today's Wenchang. The name has nothing to do with purple snails , but is the Li expression for the kapok tree that was found there at the time (today this tree only exists in the west of the island). In the year 607, towards the end of the Sui dynasty , the Zibei district was renamed Wude (武德 县) and assigned to the Linzhen (临 振 郡) headquarters, which was newly built on the site of today's Sanya . In 622, after General Li Yuan overthrew the Sui Dynasty and founded the Tang Dynasty , the county was renamed Pingchang (平昌县) and returned to the jurisdiction of the now Yazhou (崖州) prefecture (the new Administrative name for the old command offices) in the north of the island. Five years later, in 627, the district was given the current name Wenchang (文昌 县).

In March 1948 the district was divided into a south and a north half (文 南县 and 文 北 县, respectively), but after the conquest of the area by the People's Liberation Army in April 1950, the old state was restored. The elevation of Hainan to an independent province on April 13, 1988 changed little for Wenchang. On November 17, 1995, however, the district was upgraded to a provincial government directly subordinate city (省 直辖 县级 市) by resolution of the State Council of the People's Republic of China .

Administrative structure

Street in Wencheng

Since the community reform in 2007, Wenchang has consisted of 17 large communities . These are:

Greater community Baoluo (抱罗镇);
Greater community Changsa (昌洒镇);
Greater community Chongxing (重兴镇);
Greater community Dongge (东阁镇);
Greater community Dongjiao (东郊镇);
Donglu municipality (东路 镇);
Greater community Fengpo (冯坡镇);
Greater community Gongpo (公坡镇);
Greater community Huiwen (会文镇);
Greater community Jinshan (锦山镇);
Greater community Longlou (龙楼镇);
Penglai Municipality (蓬莱 镇);
Greater community Puqian (铺前镇);
Greater community Tanniu (潭牛镇);
Greater community Wencheng (文城镇), seat of the city government;
Greater community Wenjiao (文教镇);
Greater community Wengtian (翁田镇).

Transport links

country

Wenchang can from the capital Haikou from the high-speed train on the eastern section of the ring Hainan Railway (海南东环铁路) be reached in 25 minutes from the airport Haikou Meilan in 20 minutes. From Sanya in the south of the island, the train takes 1 hour 30 minutes. Wenchang is connected to Haikou and the Hainan ring road via the G9812 motorway . There is also a bus station in Wenchang, from which long-distance buses run to all cities on the island and as far as Guangdong every day .

lake

With the port of Qinglan (清瀾 港, Pinyin Qīnglán Gǎng , "clear wave port") at the entrance to Bamen Bay (八 门 湾), Wenchang has a port that is protected from the wind and waves. Originally there were only two quays for fishing boats of the 500 ton class. In connection with the construction of the cosmodrome in the large community of Longlou, the provincial government of Hainan expanded the port from 2010 and built a quay for freighters of the 5000-tonne class there. The port is open to international shipping. However, since there was originally little infrastructure there, it was primarily used by the rocket carriers Yuan Wang 21 and Yuan Wang 22 (both with a standard displacement of 9080 t), who use their on-board cranes to move the transport containers for the individual components of the Changzheng 5 and Unload Changzheng 7 . The containers are then transported from the quay with low-loaders over the Qinglan Bridge to the cosmodrome, where the final assembly of the rockets takes place.

In the meantime, the port of Qinglan has been greatly expanded. In addition to the 145 m long rocket quay - a rocket freighter is 130 m long - there are now two further quays for freighters of the 5000-ton class, a 5000-ton tanker quay and a 180 m long 5000-ton cruise quay . All of these berths have a water depth of 10.5 m. There is also a 133 m long quay for customs boats of the 2000 ton class, a 100 m long fishing quay where up to six fishing boats of the 1000 ton class can moor, a quay for circumnavigators with boats of the 300 ton Class, and three quays for ferry boats of the 100-ton class. 19 ° 32 '59.4 "  N , 110 ° 49' 53.6"  E

There is also the Puqian (q 前 港, Pinyin Pūqián Gǎng ) fishing port, which is only open to boats registered in Hainan, in the large community of Puqian, in the far north of the island . On March 12, 2015, the CCP MP He Qiongmei (何 琼 妹, * 1969), who is also the mayor of Wenchang, proposed to the Hainan state parliament that this port, which is only 5 nautical miles away from the international waterway between Hainan and Guangdong, be expanded into a deep-water port. However, since the island's existing ports are already underutilized and Puqian lacks road connections, water and electricity supplies as well as internet connections for such a project, the province's Ministry of Transport responded in a written statement on August 4, 2015, the city government of Wenchang should first initiate the construction of the necessary infrastructure, the Ministry of Transport in turn would try to get funds from the central government in Beijing for the dredging of the fairways , the construction of jetties, etc. Until today (2019) Puqian is a peaceful fishing port. 20 ° 1 '37  .3 " N , 110 ° 34' 28.3"  E

Web links

Commons : Wenchang  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Footnotes

  1. ↑ 文昌 概况. In: wenchang.hainan.gov.cn. Retrieved October 23, 2019 (Chinese).
  2. ↑ 史 贻 鹏: 2017 年 文昌 市 国民经济 和 社会 发展 统计 公报. In: wenchang.hainan.gov.cn. March 21, 2018, accessed October 23, 2019 (Chinese).
  3. ^ The Li ethnic minority. In: china.org.cn. Retrieved October 24, 2019 .
  4. ↑ 文昌 市地 方志 编纂 委员会: 文昌 县志.方志 出版社, 北京 2000.
  5. ↑ 今年 新建 文昌 至 琼海 高速公路. In: news.hexun.com. January 16, 2013, accessed October 23, 2019 (Chinese).
  6. ↑ 文昌 市 简介. In: wenchang.hainan.gov.cn. Retrieved October 23, 2019 (Chinese).
  7. ↑ 林诗 成: 文昌 清澜 新港 码头 ： 建成 年 货物 吞吐量 370 万吨. In: hainan.gov.cn. December 16, 2010, accessed October 24, 2019 (Chinese).
  8. ↑ 亓 创 、 高超: 执行 航天 运输 任务 远望 号 火箭 运输 船 抵达 天津 港. In: xinhuanet.com. October 16, 2019, accessed October 23, 2019 (Chinese).
  9. ↑ 清瀾 港. In: chinaports.com. Retrieved October 23, 2019 (Chinese).
  10. ↑ 关于 加快 建设 文昌 铺 前 木兰 港 的 建议. In: hainan.gov.cn. August 4, 2015, Retrieved October 24, 2019 (Chinese).
  11. ↑ 于 伟 慧: 琼州 古 港 铺 前 港 ： 海上 渔 猎 深耕 急流. In: m.xinhuanet.com. June 25, 2018, Retrieved October 24, 2019 (Chinese).

Coordinates: 19 ° 37 '  N , 110 ° 45'  E