Emanatic logic

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Emanatic logic is called in philosophy or philosophy of science a conceptual-logical conception of the relationship of general concepts to individual concepts, which is based on the idea of emanation or alienation .

This designation was introduced by Emil Lask to characterize the dialectic of Hegel , in particular to distinguish it from the process of forming general terms through the generalization of individual cases ( abstraction ). According to this, the particular comes from a real dependence on the concept as an 'organic' intimate penetration of genus and individual reality. In doing so, the term, so to speak, releases the particular case of realization from its abundance. Here

“(...) the term must always turn out to be richer in content than empirical reality, not as part of it, but conversely, in such a way that it encompasses it as its part, as the outflow of its super-real being. Relationships between concept and individual are then not made possible by thinking that first forms the concepts, but rather arise from a real dependence of the particular, an 'organic' intimate penetration of genus and individual reality. "

Lask's own program of a theory of “individual values” aims to retain Kant's method of analytical concept formation, but nevertheless to take into account Johann Gottlieb Fichte's and Hegel's criticism of abstract value mathematism and thus to make Hegel's creation of new value concepts fruitful for the logic of history. In the end, Hegel sought to counter the widespread criticism of speculative idealism with a theory of chance that it could not philosophically grasp the individual contingent.

Max Weber used this methodological preparatory work of the South West German School of Neo-Kantianism to criticize the approach of the historical school of economics, which he accuses above all of the inadmissible confusion of incompatible logical procedures.

The equation of historical and logical development, if it does not want to be a confusion of terms, presupposes that either the coincidence is proven in each individual case, or one must assume an emanatic logic in the manner of Hegel.

Karl Marx criticized Hegel's dialectical derivations in his legal philosophy as "logical, pantheistic mysticism". The fact is that the state emerges from the multitude as they exist as members of the family and members of civil society; Hegel's speculative presentation “expresses this fact as an act of the idea, not as the idea of ​​the set, but as an act of a subjective idea that is different from the fact itself.” Hegel “has made a product, a predicate of the idea, what its subject is. He does not develop his thinking from the object, but rather the object according to a thought that has come to terms with itself and in the abstract sphere of logic has come to terms with itself The idea of ​​the state organism or the political constitution would come, and it will never be possible to build such a bridge. "

Remarks

  1. ^ Emil Lask: Fichte's idealism and history. Tübingen 1914 (first: 1902), p. 25f)
  2. ↑ Wolfgang Schluchter : The Development of Occidental Rationalism. An analysis of Max Weber's social history. JCB Mohr (Paul Siebeck): Tübingen 1979. ISBN 3-16-541532-3 . P. 24, note 3 / Wolfgang Schluchter: The emergence of modern rationalism. An analysis of Max Weber's history of the development of the Occident . 1st edition Frankfurt am Main 1988. ISBN 3-518-28947-0 . P. 71, note 3
  3. ↑ cf. on this Dieter Henrich: Hegel's theory about chance. In: ders .: Hegel in context. Suhrkamp Frankfurt am Main 1st edition 1971 (es 510).
  4. ↑ Max Weber: Roscher and Knies and the logical problems of historical economics. 1903-1906 , in: Collected essays on science, UTB 1492, Tübingen 1988. p. 41
  5. ↑ Joseph A. Schumpeter , (Elizabeth B. Schumpeter, ed.): History of economic analysis. First part of the volume. Vandenhoeck Ruprecht Göttingen 1965. p. 105, note 16
  6. ↑ Marx: On the Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right , p. 7. Digital Library Volume 11: Marx / Engels, p. 165 (cf. MEW Vol. 1, p. 206)
  7. ↑ Marx: On the Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Law , p. 11. Digital Library Volume 11: Marx / Engels, p. 169 (cf. MEW Vol. 1, p. 207)
  8. ↑ Marx: On the Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right , p. 22f. Digital Library Volume 11: Marx / Engels, p. 180f (see MEW Vol. 1, p. 213f)
  9. ↑ Marx: On the Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Law , p. 22. Digital Library Volume 11: Marx / Engels, p. 180 (cf. MEW Vol. 1, pp. 212-213)

literature

  • Emil Lask: Fichte's idealism and history. Tübingen 1914 (first: 1902)
  • Emil Lask: The logic of philosophy and the theory of categories. A study of the domain of logical form. Tubingen 1911
  • Max Weber: Roscher and Knies and the logical problems of historical economics. 1903-1906 , in: Collected Essays on Science Teaching , UTB 1492, 7th edition Tübingen 1988. ISBN 3-16-845369-2 // Online version: [" http://www.gleichsatz.de/but/begin /web11a.html "]
  • Guy Oakes: The Limits of Cultural Studies Concept Formation. Heidelberg Max Weber Lectures 1982. Frankfurt am Main 1990, pp. 56–57.

See also

Conceptual logic , dialectics , essentialism