Endogenous regional development

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Endogenous regional development (also independent regional development ) is a concept of spatial planning in which the socio-economic development of a region should not primarily take place through external impulses (state intervention or trade links with other regions), but through the use of the region's own potential. Both economic and social development potentials are included. In this context, the term “help for self-help” ( principle of subsidiarity ) is used as a catchphrase . The endogenous regional development is an informal instrument of spatial planning, is not legally binding and can therefore be assigned to the persuasive instruments of regional development.

development

Especially in the 1970s, the traditional exogenous strategy of regional development , which was centrally controlled by the state, came under fire. One reason was the constantly changing (global) economic framework. The focus was increasingly on solutions that were dedicated to regional peculiarities and incorporated them into concepts. The decentralized endogenous approach has been shown to be more effective in redressing regional inequalities and generating growth. The endogenous approach is part of sustainable regional development.

Classification in space economy theory

A comprehensive theory of endogenous regional development has not yet been developed. However, a large number of “partial approaches that deal with theoretical and strategic questions of endogenous development in countries with different levels of development” are among the regional growth and development theories. Its aim is to link international economic relations with regional development and to dynamize spatial economics theory.

Theories and strategies of endogenous regional development

First and foremost, it is about sounding out the developable potential of a region and determining potential factors. These potential factors can be of an economic, sociocultural and / or ecological nature. The range of categorization of such factors is very wide and ranges from “talents” to “bottlenecks” in the region. Endogenous potential (regional development potential) is generally defined as the "totality of development opportunities in a temporally and spatially delimited sphere of activity".

Schätzl provides instructions for "activating development potential", which should be aimed for:

  1. “Overcoming existing bottlenecks in endogenous development.” The identification of bottlenecks is a prerequisite for the increased use of previously underutilized potential factors.
  2. "Use of region-specific skills and talents." Location advantages over other regions are determined and promoted through specialization.
  3. “Initiation of intraregional cycles.” Within the region, the sub-potentials that have been explored must be checked for their interdependence. In order to then achieve an intraregional integration of products controlled by the residents, the potentials must be integrated into a small-scale network.

Endogenous development strategies are not based on a closed theoretical construct, but aim at co-determination and self-determination as an integral process. A change in values ​​within the industrial society with increasing prosperity is to be achieved, which is to raise the position of contact and cooperation possibilities, identity and self-determination.

The model of sustainability (also durability or future viability) implements the "embedding of the economic system in the social system and both systems in the natural balance", so that "the functionality of the natural balance remains the overriding measure". The holistic conception of the endogenous development strategies must therefore meet the requirement of integrated sustainability.

The three basic pillars of sustainability, which consist of ecology, economy and social issues, can be linked to three more, which are to be understood as "cross-sectional dimensions":

  1. normative: goals and evaluations in social terms,
  2. analytical: description and investigation of problems and processes related to their sustainability,
  3. operational: restructuring of the political-strategic fields of action.

What all strategies have in common is the aspect of qualitative growth. In addition to the economic-quantitative development, qualitative growth brings an improvement in the quality of life. The improved quality of life is intended to keep the residents of the peripheral areas there, so that they hardly consider emigrating. Furthermore, the residents concerned should capitalize on their newly acquired identity and act on their own initiative in the future. The inner-regional flow of communication is re-ignited, so that cross-generational impulses are set. And furthermore, an increased quality of life should also ensure that the natural area, as the basis of this increased quality of life, is treated gently and future-proof by the population. This can only work if each individual can take part in the decision-making process and contribute ideas that are managed by project managers in line with the bottom-up principle.

National examples

EU: LEADER regional development approach

The EU program LEADER ( L iaison E ntre A ctions de D eveloppement de l ' E conomie R urale, connection between actions for the development of the rural economy) is the tool of the European spatial development concept in Europe of the regions .

Since a comprehensive theory of endogenous regional development has not yet been developed, but there are only a large number of endogenous regional development approaches, the EU concept LEADER is here only as an example of a method (since it represents the main features of endogenous regional development well), and not as an advertisement for the EU structural support plan. According to the LEADER network Austria, the method is based on seven basic pillars:

  1. The territorial approach: The strategy development is based on the special circumstances, strengths and weaknesses of an area, which is characterized by a certain degree of social togetherness, shared history and tradition as well as the awareness of a common identity.
  2. The bottom-up approach: Involving local actors, the entire population, as well as social and economic interest groups and public and private institutions in the decision-making process.
  3. The partnership approach: The platform and engine of local development is the local action group - an association of partners from public and private sectors who develop and implement a joint strategy and innovative measures as part of their partnership.
  4. The innovation value of the actions: Innovation means both first time and leverage for permanent change. Innovation therefore also includes transmission and networking.
  5. The multisectoral approach: The priority should not be to create individual actions, but rather an integration of actions into a coordinated overall concept that opens up new opportunities for local development.
  6. Networking and cross-border cooperation: Development partnerships and networks between actors from different rural regions should be formed and maintained. Cross-border cooperation is the source of the European added value of rural policy.
  7. Decentralized management and financing modalities: A local management team is responsible for coordinating funding and projects.

Germany

German programs with a leader-like approach:

  • First of all, the Regions Active program should be mentioned here. The Federal Ministry for Consumer Protection, Food and Agriculture selected 18 German regions as models. These were exemplarily funded in two periods from 2002–2005 and 2005–2007. The funding procedure was partly based on the LEADER approach.
  • LandZukunft: In 2011 another model program was launched under the name LandZukunft by the Federal Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection . 17 regions were invited to apply. From these 17 regions, 4 were selected (including the Solling-Vogler -Region in Weserbergland eV), which after a qualification phase will receive funding for two years until 2014. The funding extends to projects of social participation, economic structure and performance as well as the challenges of spatial remoteness. Each region undertakes to fulfill previously individually defined sub-goals within the framework of contractual agreements.

See also

literature

For the introduction:

  • Tobias Chilla, Olaf Kühne, Markus Neufeld: Regional development. Stuttgart 2016.
  • Ulf Hahne: Regional development of intraregional potentials. On the opportunities of "endogenous" development strategies. (= Writings of the Institute for Regional Research at the University of Kiel , Vol. 8). Kiel 1985.
  • Ludwig Schätzl: Theories of endogenous development. In (ders.): Economic Geography 1. Theory. 6th edition. (UTB 782), Schöningh, Paderborn / Munich / Vienna / Zurich 1992, pp. 148–151.
  • E. Becker, T. Jahn: Social ecology. Basic features of a science of the social relations of nature. Frankfurt am Main 2006.

To deepen:

  • Official journal of the district administration Waidhofen ad Thaya. Volume 118 (2001) No. 10, p. 2.
  • S. Bode: Potentials of regional complementary currencies to promote endogenous regional development. Osnabrück 2004.
  • M. Coy, N. Weixlbaumer: The Großes Walsertal Biosphere Park: A contribution to sustainable development in alpine rural areas? In: Innsbrucker Geographische Gesellschaft (ed.): Alpine cultural landscape in change. Hugo Penz on his 65th birthday. Innsbruck 2007, pp. 179-196.
  • Manfred Greisinger, Josef Mayerhofer: From the idea to the impulse center: Waldviertel Management - Telehaus, partner of a natural region. In: Wolfgang Schwarz (ed.): Perspectives of spatial research, spatial planning and regional policy - spatial planning, state and regional development in Lower Austria (= communications of the working group for regional research , Vol. 26, Vienna 1996) pp. 218–225.
  • Martin Heintel : Once periphery - always periphery? Scenarios of regional development based on selected case studies. = Treatises on geography and regional research Volume 5, Vienna 1998.
  • Martin Heintel: Endogenous regional development. An economic policy alternative - taking didactic questions into account - for structurally and poorly developing regions? = Communications of the working group for regional research , special volume 5, Vienna 1994.
  • R. Musil: Money, Space and Sustainability. Alternative money models as a new way of endogenous regional development? Vienna 2001.
  • Werner Slupetzky: Village-centered renewal perspectives for rural areas. In: Wolfgang Schwarz (Hg.): Perspektiven der Raumforschung, Raumplanung und Regionalpolitik - Raumordnung, Landes- und Regionalentwicklung in Niederösterreich (= Communications of the Working Group for Regional Research , Vol. 26, Vienna 1996), pp. 206-214.
  • R. Thoss: Potential factors as an opportunity for self-responsible development of the regions. In: Information on spatial development , Issue 1–2, Bonn 1984, pp. 21–27.
  • Cord Twele, Matthias Lesch, Andreas Bull: Innovative regional development. Lohmar 2005, ISBN 978-3899363517 .

Further:

  • Hahne, Ulf (Ed.): Global crisis - regional sustainability, options for action in future-oriented urban and regional development. Detmold 2010.

Web links

Europe:

Germany:

Austria:

Switzerland:

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Chilla, Kühne, Neufeld: Regional Development. Verlag Eugen Ulmer (UTB), Stuttgart 2016.
  2. ↑ Schätzl 1996, p. 148.
  3. ↑ Schätzl 1996.
  4. ↑ Brugger 1984
  5. ↑ Thoss 1984, p. 21.
  6. ↑ Hahne 1985, p. 52.
  7. ↑ 1996, pp. 150-151.
  8. ^ Hahne 1985
  9. ↑ Bode 2007, p. 37.
  10. ↑ Coy, Weixelbaumer 2007, p. 181.
  11. ↑ Becker, Jahn 2006, p. 243; quoted according to Coy, Weixelbaumer 2007, p. 181.
  12. ↑ Musil 2001
  13. ↑ Country Future