Energy controlling

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The aim of energy controlling is to limit energy consumption by continuously monitoring suitable variables . The target consumption depends on the intensity of use and the quality of the building and system. When selecting and recording suitable measured variables, a fundamental distinction must be made between consumption and operating data controlling. With consumption data controlling, energy consumption can be recorded both manually and automatically. When controlling the operating data, process data that are as meaningful as possible are selected so that proper operation can be assessed directly. In simple buildings with little technology, these are room temperatures and the temperatures and parameters of the heating and ventilation system.

Consumption controlling

The energy consumption of the building and, if possible, individual parts of the building is recorded at least once a month and in the long term in even shorter periods of time. The aim of this procedure is to recognize and correct excessive consumption as quickly as possible. With the creation of area parameters, increased consumption should be noticed and starting points for a detailed analysis and saving measures should be identified.

Manuel recording

When consumption data is recorded manually, reading lists are usually sent to those responsible for the building and the readings determined in this way are summarized and evaluated by an administrator. Each manual recording initially offers the advantage of lower costs, but the workload increases with the number of measuring points and the frequency of reading. However, the possibilities of researching the cause of abnormalities increase with the frequency of the reading. Therefore, the optimal controlling success always stands in the way of an effort limitation. In practice, the method is imprecise, time-consuming and prone to errors and is therefore only suitable to a limited extent.

Automatic capture

Special consumption meters forward the consumption data via remote data transmission continuously or at certain times to a central computer. After the one-time installation effort, data can be called up at almost any short intervals thanks to automatic recording, provided that the counter has a corresponding resolution. Automatic recording is only worthwhile for very large properties, particularly if meters have to be installed or converted for this purpose . When monitoring electricity consumption, automatic meters are a valuable aid in the analysis of usage-related switching processes, but their analysis options and costs mean that they are reserved for larger and more complex buildings.

Software support

The structure and purpose of these often so-called " energy management " programs are usually very similar. After entering the building master data, the consumption can be assigned at different recording intervals and evaluated in graphical or tabular form, adjusted for the weather. Where necessary in small buildings, the amount of work required to determine manual reading data should be kept to a minimum by good software. For this purpose, the reading lists are automatically sent to the person responsible for the building shortly before the reading time. Ideally, this person enters his data directly into the system via the Internet and a plausibility check is carried out with the reading from the previous period. The program automatically sends an alarm email if the entry has not been made at a predetermined time or if the consumption is above a set limit value, the entire routine data acquisition and archiving should work automatically. The degree day correction can now not only be called up directly with good programs, but the degree day number itself should also be obtained from the program automatically from the German Weather Service.

With a view to expanding the controlling to automatically determined load profiles and other operating data, data transfer from at least one data logger system should also be possible and a connection to a building control system , as described below, should be provided. The software must be able to create correspondingly high-resolution trend displays for evaluation.

Controlling the operating data

Due to the development of EDP, there are now sufficient transmission rates and storage options available so that energy controlling no longer has to be reduced to monitoring energy consumption. The direct observation of all process parameters, in the simplest case these are all temperatures of the heating system including the room temperatures and the outside temperature as well as the controller outputs of the heating circuits and operating signals of other larger energy consumers, allows a direct assessment of the technical systems without having to infer technical settings via consumption values.

Ideally, the data acquisition is handled by a building management system (BMS), as the BMS substations in the boiler room have developed into the central communication modules for the system technology. Most of the data is technically recorded here anyway for the execution of the control task and is often already passed on to a central computer. The typical faults in the heating system that lead to increased consumption are monitored directly with this data and can also be checked directly if necessary. This applies in particular to room temperatures that are too high or operation outside of usage times. In the vast majority of cases, the effective use of this set of tools is a decisive factor in the realization and stabilization of the savings.

literature

  • H. Baedeker, M. Meyer-Renschhausen: Energy management for small and medium-sized municipalities, economic basics, analysis of the procedure, guidelines for practice. Shaker, Aachen 2006, ISBN 3-8322-5236-3 .
  • Markus Duscha, Hans Hertle: Energy management for public buildings: organization, implementation, financing. Müller, Heidelberg 1996.
  • R. Kreibich, T. Wehnert, W. Jörß: Telematics in municipal energy management. Peter Lang Verlag, Frankfurt a. M. 2004.

Web links

  • Frankfurt : Description of the activities, use of automatic consumption recording
  • Energiemanagement-Online.de : useful portal for energy management, special information on controlling in communal properties, links, tips, topics, etc.
  • Energie-Einsparcontracting.de : Topic portal on energy-saving contracting, with information, download and extensive literature description

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Markus Duscha, Hans Hertle: Energy management for public buildings: organization, implementation, financing. Müller, Heidelberg 1996.
  2. ↑ a b c H. Baedeker, M. Meyer-Renschhausen: Energy management for small and medium-sized municipalities, economic fundamentals, analysis of the procedure, guidelines for practice. Shaker, Aachen 2006, ISBN 3-8322-5236-3 .
  3. ↑ R. Kreibich, T. Wehnert, W. Jörß: Telematics in municipal energy management. Peter Lang Verlag, Frankfurt a. M. 2004.