Building control technology

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The term building management system (BMS) is used in two ways:

The building management system is a component of the building automation , which is divided into three levels. The field level , the automation level and the management level . The GLT is on the top level, the management level .
  • In the narrower, more common sense of the software used:
The software used to monitor and control buildings is referred to as building management technology (BMS) . The software usually runs on a server and is supplied by the manufacturer of the building automation technology / direct digital control building automation (DDC-GA). There are a few manufacturer-independent BMS systems. These communicate with the DDCs in the buildings via suitable interfaces such as OLE for Process Control (OPC) or Building Automation and Control Networks (BACnet) with their respective advantages and disadvantages. In addition, some of these neutral systems can also use proprietary protocols.

Administrative vs. Technical management

As computer-aided facility management (CAFM) support for the administrative is facility management designated by the information technology.

As building automation (GA) to go against means the combination of monitoring - control - usually - and optimization facilities in buildings as part of the technical facility management.

The management level and building control system (BMS) described below can overlap with computer-aided facility management or be identical in individual cases .

tasks

The BMS software is used to visualize the technical processes within the building. It collects the data from the controllers or DDC substations (direct digital control) in the building via fieldbus (field level) and displays the data graphically in a way that the user can understand. The building management system serves as a user interface to the building automation system (management level).

The building is actually controlled by the DDC substations distributed throughout the building, which directly take on the control and regulation tasks in the area of ​​heating, ventilation and lighting controls.

The current process data of the building is logged in the BMS . The use of building control technology is not only reduced to the management of individual buildings. Depending on the manufacturer used, these systems are also capable of remote, i. H. to monitor and control systems connected via modem or internet protocol . Data that are recorded and archived include: B.

  • Operating states of system parts
    • Engines
    • Ventilation flaps
    • Valves
    • Fault messages
    • Switch positions
  • Direct readings
    • temperature
    • pressure
    • relative or absolute humidity
    • Enthalpy
    • external setpoints
    • Consumption meter readings

In addition to the acquisition and evaluation of the process data that come into the BMS via the DDC systems, other, usually independent systems are integrated. These include:

  • Fire alarm systems / fire alarm control panels
    • Some of these fire alarm control panels are directly connected to the building management system via various communication channels (serial, Ethernet, RS485). The triggering of a fire detector is reported in the BMZ and assigned to a group that is mapped to hardware inputs of the DDC and is evaluated to switch off parts of the system. These DDC inputs are mapped and logged on the BMS.
  • Access control systems
    • Access control systems are usually independent systems that are, however, also in contact with the BMS system. So it is e.g. B. possible to react immediately in the BMS system if someone gains access to sensitive areas.
  • Shading devices are often also independent systems

Industrial engineering - fault management and repair

In a building management system there is the possibility of processing any technical events such as the failure of a unit , falling below or exceeding limit values ​​or time reactions as fault messages in various categories. Fault reporting categories are usually defined (maintenance, alarms, malfunctions), which primarily differ in terms of the response times and priorities to be observed. Lower priorities such as triggering filter monitoring do not require immediate intervention, whereas the highest priority, which requires immediate intervention (such as a frequency converter failure), is passed on to a control room with 24-hour on-call duty. The classic task of the technical department is to react to fault messages and to initiate repairs and restoration of the function. Most of the tasks have to be completed at very short notice, the proportion of strategic work is low.

Energy management - parameter optimization and energy saving

For the long-term monitoring of the plant operation, a BMS usually offers a connection to a database with long-term archiving of the data. Often with additional visualization programs, load profiles or temperature profiles can be combined into reports and analyzed. Normally, this representation in the BMS only gives the possibility to monitor complex technical systems and control processes and to operate them in an optimized manner. The simple display of, for example, the reduced temperatures at night and outside of the hours of use, enables an effective and precise analysis even for less professionally trained personnel in smaller organizations. The aim of this approach is to minimize operating costs. Building control technology is therefore an integral part of modern technical facility management.

Standards - regulations

A good building management system is essential today (2016) in order to fulfill the growing tasks of building automation. So it is technically possible z. B. to control and monitor ventilation systems in Hanover from Munich in real time . In order to be able to implement this, the remote-controlled systems must be set up in accordance with Directive 2006/42 / EC (Machinery Directive) . The on-site control of the machine must comply with EN 60204 and be designed and built in such a way that no one is endangered in the event of incorrect operation or work on the system.

- 42/2006 MRL Machinery Directive - EN 60204 Controls of machines - Risk assessment must be prepared.

See also

literature

  • Energy management with building automation systems, introductions, basics, examples; Gröger, Achim; Renningen, Expert Verlag, 2004
  • Building automation: communication systems with EIB / KNX, LON and BACnet; Hermann Merz / Thomas Hansemann / Christof Hübner; Munich 2007: Fachbuchverl. Leipzig in the Carl-Hanser-Verl .; ISBN 978-3-446-40987-3
  • Energy management for small and medium-sized municipalities, economic basics, analysis of the procedure, guidelines for practice; Baedeker, H .; Meyer-Renschhausen, M .; 305 pages, 57 illustrations, Shaker, Aachen 2006, ISBN 3-8322-5236-3
  • Building regulations list of the German Institute for Building Technology, building regulations of the federal states. www.dibt.de

Web links