Entylia carinata
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Entylia carinata |
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| ( Forster , 1771) |
Entylia carinata is a species of humpback chirps from the Smiliinae subfamily. It is the only better known species in the genus Entylia , and is believed to be the only known species in the genus. Accordingly, all other described species of this genus are synonyms of the species E. carinata .
distribution
The species is known from the following countries: Argentina, Chile, Brazil, Peru, Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela, Rep. Guyana, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Mexico, USA and Canada. The species is widespread in the USA and Canada.
features
The chirps are about 3.6 to 4.3 mm long. In Florida, their length is given as 5 mm for females and 4.5 mm for males. The chirps of this species are very different, mostly in different shades of brown or yellowish, also almost black or white in color. Even animals in a population can be colored quite differently. The pronotum of E. carinata is laterally compressed and consists of a front and a back part. The front part is higher than the rear and more or less rectangular, the rear rounded. The pronotum is rough on the sides and has irregular ridges. The front part of the wings is covered by the pronotum. The rear end of the pronotum is pointed. The fore wings are transparent, they have five apical and two discoidal cells.
Way of life
The females of E. carinata live in aggregations and guard their eggs, which they lay on the underside of leaves. It has occasionally been observed that the females also guard their larvae and defend them through aggressive behavior.
Both the larvae and the adult chirps are often protected by ants. The chirps give honeydew to the ants, adults more than the larvae. The chirps lay more eggs in the presence of ants than when no ants are present.
The adult insects overwinter in northern areas. In the summer they can produce up to four generations.
In the USA, the chirps live on various plants, especially Asteraceae, whose phloem they suckle. In Central America, E. carinata is also considered a pest on beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris ).
On the sides of the abdomen, the cicadas have paired bacteriomes in which two different symbiotic types of bacteria live. These are essential for nutrition, as the plant sap does not contain any essential amino acids. Such endosymbioses are believed to be widespread in Membracidae and beyond.
literature
Carolina Godoy, Ximena Miranda, Kenji Nishida: INBio, Santo Domingo de Heredia, Costa Rica 2006, ISBN 9968-927-10-4 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Entylia carinata - Overview - Encyclopedia of Life. Retrieved November 28, 2017 .
- ↑ a b McKamey, SH: Taxonomic Catalog of the Membracoidea (exclusive of Leafhoppers). In: Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute . tape 60 , 1998, pp. 1-377 .
- ↑ LL Deitz, MS Wallace: Richness of the Nearctic treehopper fauna (Hemiptera: Aetalonidae and membracidae) . In: Zootaxa . tape 3423 , 2012, p. 1-26 .
- ^ A b c Carolina Godoy, Ximena Miranda, Kenji Nishida: Membrácidos de la América Tropical / Treehoppers of Tropical America . INBio, Santo Domingo de Heredia, Costa Rica, 2006, ISBN 9968-927-10-4 .
- ^ A b Florida State Collections of Athropods: Entylia carinata (Forster). Retrieved December 29, 2017 .
- ↑ M. Mao, X. Yang, K. Poff, G. Bennett: Comparative genomics of the dual-obligate symbionts from the treehopper, Entylia carinata (Hemiptera: Membracidae), provide insight into the origins and evolution of ancient symbiosis . In: Genome Biol. Evol. tape 9 , no. 6 , 2017, p. 1803-1815 , doi : 10.1093 / gbe / evx134 .
