Enzyme-multiplied Immunoassay Technique

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Enzyme-multiplied Immunoassay Technique ( EMIT ) refers to an analytical process from the group of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the highly sensitive and specific qualitative and quantitative determination of a wide variety of analytes , such as hormones , drugs and their metabolites . It is often used to control the patient compliance in drug application for securing therapeutic effective levels of drugs with a low therapeutic index such. As phenytoin - digoxin - digitoxin and theophylline -products and avoid over - used or underdosing. Also in the active level control of psychotropic drugs such. B. Benzodiazepines and antidepressants as well as in the control of BTM- relevant active ingredients, these analytical methods are also used in forensic medicine .

As the individual records show, methods of gas chromatography or HPLC are used to check dubious results of the EMIT tests , mostly in combination with mass spectrometry . This is not done to secure the therapeutic procedure, but also especially in the case of expert opinions in the context of forensic medicine or narcotics law issues.

procedure

The antigen to be investigated displaces another, enzyme-labeled antigen from its antigen- antibody bond. Once released, the enzyme can become active. This activity is measured. It is directly proportional to the amount of antigen in the sample.

literature

  • Heinrich Meyer: Enzyme immunological measuring methods for hormone analysis . Enke Verlag, 1998, ISBN 978-3-432-97901-4
  • Walter G. Guder and Jürgen Nolte (eds.): The laboratory book for clinic and practice . Elsevier, Urban & Fischer, Munich Jena 2005, ISBN 3-437-23340-8
  • Neil M. Davis: Medical Abbreviations . 10th Edition (2001), Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 00-193232

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Drost RH, Plomp TA, Teunissen AJ, Maes AH, Maes RA :: A comparative study of the homogeneous enzyme immunoassay (EMIT) and two radioimmunoassays (RIA's) for digoxin. , Clin Chim Acta. 1977 Sep 15; 79 (3): 557-67. PMID 330027
  2. ↑ Koup JR, ​​Brodsky B: Comparison of homogeneous enzyme immunoassay and high-pressure liquid chromatography for the determination of theophylline concentration in serum. , Am Rev Respir Dis. 1978 Jun; 117 (6): 1135-8. PMID 352208
  3. ↑ Smith-Kielland A, Olsen KM, Christophersen AS: False-positive results with Emit II amphetamine / methamphetamine assay in users of common psychotropic drugs. , Clin Chem. 1995 Jun; 41 (6 Pt 1): 951-2. PMID 7768025
  4. ↑ Valentine JL, Middleton R, Sparks C: Identification of urinary benzodiazepines and their metabolites: comparison of automated HPLC and GC-MS after immunoassay screening of clinical specimens. , J Anal Toxicol . 1996 Oct; 20 (6): 416-24. PMID 8889678
  5. ↑ Gustafson RA, Levine B, Stout PR, Klette KL, George MP, Moolchan ET, Huestis MA: Urinary cannabinoid detection times after controlled oral administration of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol to humans. , Clin Chem. 2003 Jul; 49 (7): 1114-24. PMID 12816908
  6. ^ Wiegand RF, Klette KL, Stout PR, Gehlhausen JM: Comparison of EMIT II, ​​CEDIA, and DPC RIA assays for the detection of lysergic acid diethylamide in forensic urine samples. , J Anal Toxicol. 2002 Oct; 26 (7): 519-23. PMID 12423010