Erbaba

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Erbaba is a prehistoric settlement in the Beyşehir area of central Turkey. It is dated to the third phase of the Central Anatolian Neolithic (CAN III).

location

The location Erbaba is located on a rocky hill 10 km north-northwest of Beyşehir on the eastern bank of the Beyşehir Gölü and is about 5000 m² in size. The site has a diameter of only 80 m. A number of similar small settlements are in the area and on neighboring Suğla Lake .

Digs

The excavations took place in 1969 and 1971, 1974 and 1977 by the University of Montreal , with financial support from the Canada Council. The excavation manager was Jacques Bordaz, and in 1971 Louise Alpers Bordaz became deputy excavation manager. Columbia University's Dexter Perkins Jr. and Patricia Daly examined the animal bones.

The Neolithic layers were up to 4 m thick. Three building layers (I-III) could be detected. Rectangular houses with limestone foundations were uncovered, which were built according to a regular plan. The stones were held together with a clay mortar, and some of the walls inside were reinforced with pillars. The walls were made of wattle. Inside the houses there were stoves and ovens, as well as benches on the walls. No door openings were found, which is why the excavators assume access through the roof. However, high thresholds would also be possible. There were pits in the courtyards. Düring estimates that the settlement was inhabited by 190 to 285 people. Steadman assumes that the rather small houses were inhabited by single families, but that several households cooperated economically. Overall, however, the excavation section is so small that further conclusions are difficult.

Economy

Domesticated grain ( emmer and einkorn , wheat) as well as peas and lentils were grown, wild einkorn and emmer perhaps collected. Cows and goats were known as domestic animals, but their domesticated status is questioned by Louise Martin. Deer, wild boars and birds were also hunted and fishing was carried out.

Finds

Flint and obsidian were used as lithic raw material . In addition to arrowheads and notched blades, sickle blades are also known. The ceramic from layer III is monochrome and grilled, in the upper two layers there is shell -scaled ceramic, which is partially decorated with plastic.

Dating

The site of discovery could be dated to the middle of the 7th millennium by means of four radiocarbon samples, i.e. roughly at the same time as the later layers of Çatal Höyük .

literature

  • Jacques Bordaz: Current Research in the Neolithic of South Central Turkey: Suberde, Erbaba and their chronological Implications. In: American Journal of Archeology. Volume 77,3, 1973, pp. 282-288 ( JSTOR 503442 ).
  • Jacques Bordaz: Erbaba (Beysehir) 1969 . In: Anatolian Studies 20, 1970, pp. 7-8.
  • Jacques Bordaz: A Preliminary Report of the 1969 Excavations at Erbaba, a Neolithic Site near Beysehir, Turkey. In: Türk Arkaeloji Dergisi. Volume 18,2, 1970, pp. 59-64.
  • Jacques Bordaz, Louise Alpers Bordaz: Erbaba Excavations 1974. In: Türk Arkeoloji Dergisi. Volume 23,2, 1976, pp. 39-43.
  • Jacques Bordaz, Louise Alpers Bordaz: Erbaba: The 1977 and 1978 Seasons in Perspective. In: Türk Arkeoloji Dergisi. Volume 26.1, 1982, pp. 85-93.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Bleda Düring: Reconsidering the Çatalhöyük Community: From Households to Settlement Systems. In: Journal of Mediterranean Archeology. Volume 20,2, 2007, p. 174.
  2. ↑ Isabella Milling Drew, Dexter Perkins, Jr., Patricia Daly: Prehistoric Domestication of Animals: Effects on Bone Structure. Science, New Series 171 (No. 3968), 1971, pp. 280-282. JSTOR 1730999
  3. ^ Sharon R. Steadman, Heading Home: The Architecture of Family and Society in Early Sedentary Communities on the Anatolian Plateau. In: Journal of Anthropological Research. Volume 60,4, 2004, p. 354 ( JSTOR 3631140 ).
  4. ^ A b Sharon R. Steadman: Heading Home: The Architecture of Family and Society in Early Sedentary Communities on the Anatolian Plateau. In: Journal of Anthropological Research. Volume 60,4, 2004, p. 356 ( JSTOR 3631140 ).
  5. ↑ Bleda S. Düring: Constructing Communities: Clustered Neighborhood Settlements of the Central Anatolian Neolithic, approx. 8500–5500 Cal. bc. Nederlands Instituut voor het Nabije Oosten, Leiden 2006, pp. 256-267.
  6. ↑ Willem van Zeist, Hijlke Buitenhuis: A Study of Neolithic Paleobotanical Erbaba, Turkey. In: Anatolica. Volume 10, 1983, pp. 47-89.
  7. ^ Louise Martin, Nerissa Russell, Denise Carruthers: Animal Remains from the Central Anatolian Neolithic. In: Frédéric Gérard, Laurens Thissen (ed.): Anatolia, 10,000-5000 cal BC, The Neolithic of Central Anatolia. Ege Yayınları, İstanbul 2002, p. 202.
  8. ↑ Mihriban Özbaşaran: The Neolithic on the plateau. In: Gregory McMahon, Sharon Steadman (Eds.): The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Anatolia: (10,000-323 BCE) . Oxford University Press, Oxford 2011, pp. 99–124, here p. 114 f. doi : 10.1093 / oxfordhb / 9780195376142.013.0005 .
  9. ↑ GX-2543, 2544, 2545 and I-5151 from the oldest layers

Web links

Tayprojekt, Turkish