Ash wood
| Ash | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Tree species | |
| origin |
Europe |
| colour |
light, whitish to yellowish or white-reddish |
| Material properties | |
| Bulk density mean | 650-690 kg / m³ |
| Raw density limit values | 410-860 kg / m³ |
| Axial shrinkage | 0.2% |
| Radial shrinkage | 5.0% |
| Tangential shrinkage | 8.0% |
| Flexural strength | 105 N / mm² |
| Compressive strength | 50 N / mm² |
| tensile strenght | 130 N / mm² |
| Brinell hardness | lengthways 65 N / mm², transversely 37-41 N / mm² |
| Thermal conductivity | 0.144 W / (m K) |
| Fuel properties | |
| Calorific value | 4.1 kWh / kg |
As ash is wood of the European ash ( Fraxinus excelsior ), respectively.
According to DIN 4076, "ES" is the abbreviation for ash.
origin
The distribution area of the ash extends over almost all of Europe; it is particularly common in the northern foothills of the Alps, in Poland and in the Baltic States. In Central Europe, it is one of the most important domestic hardwoods after beech and oak. Ash can be found in alluvial forests and along streams and rivers (so-called "water ash"), but also on rather dry limestone soils ("limestone ash"). It is also a common street and avenue tree.
Appearance
Ash trees belong to the trees with optional color core formation . Sapwood and heartwood are light and slightly grayish, similar to oak , whitish, yellowish or reddish white. In some cases, the heartwood of older trees can also take on a darker to chocolate brown color, which is undesirable. A sought-after specialty are color cores with the color of the wood of the olive tree ( Olea europaea ) with wavy zones of olive-brown and light-brown color in cross-section. The wood is ring-pored, the vessels of the early wood are significantly larger and arranged in multi-row circles separated from the late wood. The annual rings are accordingly clearly recognizable. The wood rays are narrow and can be seen as "mirrors" on longitudinal surfaces. Planed surfaces show a matt sheen.
properties
With an average bulk density of 690 kg / m³, ash wood is heavy and hard wood with favorable strength properties. Its tensile strength and flexural strength exceed that of oak . It is elastic, abrasion-resistant and, thanks to its high impact strength, tougher than most other domestic wood species. The wider the annual rings, the more favorable the mechanical properties. Annual rings with a width of more than 1.5 millimeters, as they often appear in "water ash", are a sign of good wood quality. A pronounced color core does not affect the quality of the wood. Ash wood can be worked well by hand as well as by machine, and when steamed it can be bent just as easily as beech. The surfaces are easy to treat, which is especially true for pickling . The wood is resistant to weak alkalis and acids . However, it is only slightly weatherproof and the wood is quickly damaged even if it comes into contact with the ground. Because it is difficult to impregnate , the wood is rarely used outdoors.
use
Ash wood is often used both as solid wood and in the form of veneers , for example for kitchen, living room and bedroom furniture and in curved form for seating furniture. It is also used for wall and ceiling cladding and for the production of parquet and plank floors . For all these applications, light wood without a colored core is preferred. Ash wood is used especially when high demands are placed on strength, toughness and elasticity, for example for the production of handles for hammers, hatchets, shovels, hoes and axes, scythes, rakes and other tools. Also, sports and gymnastics equipment such as wall bars , bats , simple sport arches and classic Swiss toboggans are traditionally made from ash wood. Ash wood is particularly popular as a shaft material for the cues used in the snooker version of billiards .
In the construction of wagons and carriages, the wheelwright , the ash wood was of paramount importance and was considered best suited for the production of hubs , rims , spokes , drawbars and carts . It was also of great importance in vehicle and wagon construction. The car bodies of carriages had an ash frame, as did almost all car bodies up to the 1920s. This type of construction lasted even longer with bodies from small manufacturers, and with Morgan until today (2016). The Deutsche Reichsbahn stipulated the use of ash for many applications. Because of the good bendability, frames in shipbuilding were made of ash wood. It was also used in mechanical engineering, for example for the manufacture of threshing machines and looms . Ash wood is also used in musical instrument making ; For example, the solid body corpora of some electric guitar models from the US manufacturer Fender are built from knotless trunk wood from ash.
proof
literature
- D. Grosser, W. Teetz: Ash . In: Local timber (loose-leaf collection) . No. 9 . Information service wood, wood sales fund - sales promotion fund of the German forest and wood industry, 1998, ISSN 0446-2114 .
- Bayerische Landesanstalt für Wald und Forstwirtschaft (Ed.): Contributions to the ash tree conference on the tree of the year 2001 . May 2002, ISSN 0945-8131 ( online [PDF; 2.8 MB ]).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Contributions to the ash, p. 59
- ↑ Peter Niemz: Investigations into the thermal conductivity of selected native and foreign wood species . In: Building Physics 29 . tape 29 , no. 4 . Ernst & Sohn Verlag for Architecture and Technical Sciences GmbH & Co.KG, Berlin 2007, p. 311-312 , doi : 10.1002 / bapi.200710040 .
- ↑ Wood calorific values. kaminholz-wissen.de, accessed on February 11, 2010 .
- ↑ a b c d e Grosser, Teetz: Esche
- ↑ Contributions to the ash, p. 60