Ettuttogai
| Sangam literature |
|---|
|
Ettuttogai ("eight anthologies") |
|
Pattuppattu ("ten chants") |
Ettuttogai ( Tamil : எட்டுத்தொகை Eṭṭuttokai [ jeʈːɯt̪ːoɦɛi̯ ] "eight anthologies") is the name for a collection of eight works of alttamilischen Sangam literature . The Ettuttogai comprises eight anthologies of mostly shorter poems. Together with the ten longer individual poems of Pattuppattu ("ten chants"), it forms the corpus of Sangam literature.
The works of Ettuttogai
The eight anthologies are listed below in traditional order:
| Name of the anthology | Number of poems (of which received) |
Number of lines | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Natrinai | நற்றிணை Naṟṟiṇai | "The beautiful tinais (love situations)" | 400 | 9-12 |
| Kurundogai | குறுந்தொகை Kuṟuntokai | "Collection of short [poems]" | 401 | 4-8 |
| Aingurunuru | ஐங்குறுநூறு Aiṅkuṟunūṟu | "Five Short Hundred" | 500 (498) | 3-6 |
| Paditruppattu | பதிற்றுப்பத்து Patiṟṟuppattu | "Ten [times] ten [poems]" | 100 (80) | 5-57 |
| Paripadal | பரிபாடல் Paripāṭal | "[Collection in] Paripadal -versmeasure" | 70 (22) | 32-140 |
| Kalittogai | கல்த்தொகை Kalittokai | "Collection in the potash measure" | 150 | 11-80 |
| Agananuru | அகநானூறு Akanāṉūṟu | "Four hundred [poems] about agam (love)" | 400 | 13-31 |
| Purananuru | புறநானூறு Puṟanāṉūṟu | "Four hundred [poems] about puram (heroism)" | 400 (398) | 4-40 |
The eight anthologies of Ettuttogai were summarized according to formal (length, meter) and content criteria (love or hero poetry). The Purananuru and Paditruppattu belong to the genre of hero poetry ( puram ), the Aingurunuru , Kurundogai , Natrinai , Agananuru and Kalittogai to the genre of love poetry ( agam ). The paripadal does not belong to either genre, but contains religious poetry. The Kurundogai, the Natrinai and the Agananuru form a group of love anthologies with 400 poems each. In the Kurundogai , short poems are collected, while the Natrinai contains medium-length and the Agananuru long poems. The counterpart in the genre of hero poetry is the Purananuru with 400 poems. The love anthology Aingurunuru and the hero anthology Paditruppattu are characterized by an arrangement in decades (groups of ten poems). The two remaining anthologies Kalittogai and Paripadal show clear differences in language and style.
Text history and anthologization
The dating of the Sangam literature is uncertain, but the poems of the eight anthologies probably date from the 1st to 6th centuries AD. After they were initially transmitted orally , the poems were probably written around the middle of the 1st millennium and then afterwards combined into anthologies. The anthologies Natrinai, Kurundogai, Aingurunuru, Agananuru and Purananuru have an introductory verse from the Auto Paradam Padiya Perundevanar , which is likely to date from the 7th century. A first over-anthology was probably put together at this point. It is not known exactly when the division into the “eight anthologies” as we know them today was made. In the 12th century, the author Perasiriyar mentions in his commentary on Tolkappiyam the "songs and anthologies" ( pattum togaiyum ). The concept of the “eight anthologies” appears in the reverse form Togaiyettu for the first time in the 14th century in Nachinarkkiniyar . The identity of the works belonging to the eight anthologies, as well as their traditional order, are recorded in an anonymous verse known from the manuscript tradition. It is written in Venba measure and is probably of relatively recent date. This traditional knowledge forms the basis of the literary historiography of the Ettuttogai . The said verse reads as follows:
"நற்றிணை நல்ல குறுந்தொகை யைங்குறுநூ
றொத்த பதிற்றுப்பத் தோங்கு
பரிபாடல் கற்றறிந்தார் சொல்லுங் கலியோ
டகம்புறமென் றித்திறத்த வெட்டுத் தொகை."
" Naṟṟiṇai nalla kuṟuntokai aiṅkuṟunūṟ '
otta patiṟṟuppatt' ōṅku paripāṭal
kaṟṟ 'aṟintār collum kaliyōṭ' akam puṟam eṉṟ '
it tiṟatta eṭṭuttokai. "
" Natrinai, the good Kurundogai, Aignurunuru,
as it were Paditruppattu, the sublime Paripadal,
together with Kali, praised by the scholars, Agam and Puram:
the Ettottogai consists of these parts ."
Individual evidence
- ^ Eva Wilden: Manuscript, Print and Memory. Relics of the Caṅkam in Tamilnadu, Berlin, Munich, Boston: De Gruyter, 2014, p. 8.
- ↑ Wilden 2014, pp. 413–414.
- ↑ Wilden 2014, pp. 413–414.
- ↑ Wilden 2014, pp. 14-16.
- ↑ Wilden 2014, pp. 179–180.
literature
- John R. Marr: The Eight Anthologies . Madras: Institute of Asian Studies, 1985.
- Eva Wilden: Manuscript, Print and Memory. Relics of the Caṅkam in Tamilnadu . Berlin, Munich, Boston: De Gruyter, 2014.
- Kamil Zvelebil: Tamil Literature . Leiden, Cologne: EJ Brill, 1975.