Tirumurugatruppadai

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Sangam literature
Ettuttogai
("eight anthologies")
Pattuppattu
("ten chants")

The Tirumurugatruppadai ( திருமுருகாற்றுப்படை Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai [ ˈt̪iɾɯmuɾɯɡaːtːrɯpːaɖɛi̯ ] "Direction to God Murugan") is an ancient Tamil poem of praise to the god Murugan . It is counted at the same time to the group of the "ten chants" ( Pattuppattu ) of the old Tamil Sangam literature and to the Tamil Shivaitischen canon ( Tirumurai ). The Tirumurugatruppadai has a length of 317 lines and is Agaval written -Versmaß. It is attributed to the author Nakkirar .

Due to its religious content, the Tirumurugatruppadai is a foreign body in the corpus of Sangam literature, which is otherwise assigned to the two genres of love and hero poetry ( agam and puram ). Within the “ten chants” it comes first in the traditional order. In Tamil, as in other Indian literature, it was customary to prefix a work with an introductory verse with the invocation of a god. Perhaps the Tirumurugatruppadai should take over this function for the "ten chants". The Tirumurugatruppadai is at the same time also a further development of the sub-genre of the “signposting” ( atruppadai ) of the old Tamil hero poetry. In the Atruppadai genre, the poet shows another bard the way to his patron and praises his generosity. In the Tirumurugatruppadai , the bard who seeks a patron takes the place of the believer, who is shown the way to God. The title of the work ("Wegweis zu Murugan", with the honorable prefix Tiru ) is derived from this. The dating of the Tirumurugatruppadai is uncertain, but what is certain is that it is later than the rest of the Sangam corpus. Based on linguistic and stylistic criteria, a period of origin in the 6th century is suggested.

The Tirumurugatruppadai stands at the transition between the Sangam literature and the Bhakti literature, which emerged in the Tamil area in the 7th century. It builds heavily on the conventions of Sangam literature, but also elements of the mythology of the pan-Hindu god Skanda appear for the first time, who begins to merge with the originally separate Tamil deity Murugan. For the first time, the still popular concept of the "six dwellings" ( Arupadaividu ) Murugans is formulated in the Tirumurugatruppadai .

Because of its religious significance, the Tirumurugatruppadai was also included in the Shivaitic canon and is part of the 11th book of Tirumurai . Therefore, unlike the rest of the sangam literature, which had since been largely forgotten and was only rediscovered at the end of the 19th century, it was consistently popular. The Tirumurugatruppadai has been preserved in numerous manuscript copies and was printed early (1834/35 at the latest).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ K. Kailasapathy: Tamil Heroic Poetry, London: Oxford University Press, 1968, pp. 35-36.
  2. ^ Eva Wilden: Manuscript, Print and Memory. Relics of the Caṅkam in Tamilnadu, Berlin, Munich, Boston: De Gruyter, 2014, p. 8.
  3. ↑ Fred W. Clothey: The Many Faces of Murukan. The History and Meaning of a South Indian God, The Hague, Mouton: 1978, pp. 64-68.
  4. ↑ Clothey 1978, p. 116 ff.
  5. ^ Eva Wilden: Manuscript, Print and Memory. Relics of the Caṅkam in Tamilnadu, Berlin, Munich, Boston: De Gruyter, 2014, p. 368.

literature

Text output
  • Pattuppāṭṭu mūlamum Nacciṉārkkiṉiyar uraiyum. Edited by UV Swaminatha Iyer . Tirāviṭātnākara Accukkūṭam, 1889. [Numerous new editions.]
Translations
  • JV Chelliah: Pattupattu: Ten Tamil Idylls. Tamil Verses with English Translation . Reprinted by Thanjavur: Tamil University, 1985 [1946]. [Complete translation of the "ten chants" into English.]
Secondary literature
  • Eva Wilden: Songs of devotion and amazement. Poems of the early Tamil Bhakti . Berlin: Verlag der Weltreligionen, 2013.
  • Eva Wilden: Manuscript, Print and Memory. Relics of the Caṅkam in Tamilnadu . Berlin, Munich, Boston: De Gruyter, 2014.
  • Kamil V. Zvelebil: Tamil Literature. Leiden, Cologne: EJ Brill, 1975.

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