Paripadal

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Sangam literature
Ettuttogai
("eight anthologies")
Pattuppattu
("ten chants")

The Paripadal ( Tamil : பரிபாடல் Paripāṭal [ ˈpaɾipaːɖəl ] "[Collection in] Paripadal -versmeasure") is a work of the Old Tamil Sangam literature . It is an anthology with originally 70 poems, 22 of which have survived. The Paripadal is one of the later works of Sangam literature and belongs to the group of the "eight anthologies" ( Ettuttogai ).

Formal aspects

The Paripadal has only been handed down in very fragments. Of the original 70 poems, only 22 have survived, plus two longer and eleven short fragments. In contrast to the rest of the Sangam corpus, which is divided into the two genres of love and hero poetry, the paripadal belongs to religious poetry. The work contains hymns to various deities. Of the original 70 poems, eight are said to have been dedicated to the god Tirumal ( Vishnu ), 31 to the god Sevvel ( Murugan ), one to the goddess Kadukilal ( Durga ), 26 to the Vaigai river and four to the city of Madurai . There are six hymns to Vishnu and eight each to Murugan and the Vaigai River. The poems obtained have a length of 32 to 140 lines and are attributed to 13 different poets. For paripāṭal exists a detailed commentary of the author Parimelalagar from the 13th century.

Dating

The large differences in content, style and language make it clear that the Paripadal, together with the two other works Kalittogai and Tirumurugatruppadai, is more recent than the rest of the Sangam corpus. The absolute chronology of the texts is not certain, but it is suggested that the Paripadal dates from the 6th century AD.

Text example

"கள்ளணி பசுந்துள வினவை கருங்குன் றனையவை
யொள்ளொளியவை யொருகுழையவை
புள்ளணி பொலங் கொடியவை
வள்ளணி வளைநாஞ் சிலவை
சலம்புரி தண்டேந் தினவை
வலம்புரி வயநேமியவை
வரிசிலை வயவம்பினவை
புகரிணர்சூழ் வட்டத்தவை புகர்வாளவை
எனவாங்கு
நலம்புரீஇ யஞ்சீர் யஞ்சீர் நாம
வாய்மொழி யிதுவென வுரைத்தனெ முள்ளமர்ந்
திசைத்திறை யிருங்குன்றத் தடியுறை
யியைகவெனப் பெரும்பெய ரிருவரை பரவுதுந் தொழுதே."

" Kal Ani pacum tuḷaviṉavai karum kuṉṟ 'aṉaiyavai
ol oḷiyavai oru kuḻaiyavai
Pul ANI Polam koṭiyavai
Val Ani Valai nāñcilavai
calam puri Tant' ēntiṉavai
Valampuri vaya nēmiyavai
vari Cilai vaya ambiṉavai
PUKAR Inar Cul vaṭṭattavai PUKAR vāḷavai
eṉavāṅku
nalam purīi on CIR nama vāymoḻi
itu Ena uraittaṉem UL warns' icaitt 'iṟai
iruṅkuṉṟatt' aṭi uṟai iyaika eṉa
perum peyar iruvarai paravutum toḻutē. "

"'You with green tulsi adorned with nectar , you like the black hill,
you of bright lights, you with a single earring,
you with the bird-adorned gold banner,
you with the sharp, curved ploughshare,
you who raise the staff that acts in anger,
you with the right-turning, strong discus,
you with the strong arrow in a striped bow,
you with the circle, surrounded by spots in grapes, you with a stained sword, '
with these words,
desiring good, so that the true word of excellent reputation,
resounding from within us who said, 'This [it is]',
may please the Lord who dwells at Iruṅkuṉṟam,
we reverently praise both of them by great names. "

- Paripadal 15, lines 54-66 (translation by Eva Wilden).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Kamil Zvelebil: Tamil Literature, Leiden, Cologne: EJ Brill, 1975, pp. 101-102.
  2. ↑ Zvelebil 1975, p. 99.
  3. ^ Eva Wilden: Manuscript, Print and Memory. Relics of the Caṅkam in Tamilnadu, Berlin, Munich, Boston: De Gruyter, 2014, p. 8.
  4. ↑ Eva Wilden: Songs of devotion and amazement. Poems of the early Tamil Bhakti, Berlin: Verlag der Weltreligionen, 2013, pp. 185–192.

literature

Text output
  • Paripāṭal mūlamum āciriyar Parimēlaḻakar iyaṟṟiya uraiyum. Edited by UV Swaminatha Iyer . Ceṉṉai: Kamarṣiyal Accukkūṭam, 1918. [2. 1935 edition, numerous reprints.]
Translations
  • François Gros: Le Paripāṭal. Texts tamoul. Introduction, traduction and notes. Pondicherry: Institut Français d'Indologie, 1968. [Annotated translation into French with detailed introduction.]
Secondary literature
  • Eva Wilden: Songs of devotion and amazement. Poems of the early Tamil Bhakti . Berlin: Verlag der Weltreligionen, 2013.
  • Eva Wilden: Manuscript, Print and Memory. Relics of the Caṅkam in Tamilnadu . Berlin, Munich, Boston: De Gruyter, 2014.
  • Kamil V. Zvelebil: Tamil Literature. Leiden, Cologne: EJ Brill, 1975.

Web links