Natrinai

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Sangam literature
Ettuttogai
("eight anthologies")
Pattuppattu
("ten chants")

The naṟṟiṇai ( Tamil : நற்றிணை Naṟṟiṇai [ natːriɳɛi̯ ] "the good tinais (Love situations)") is a work of alttamilischen Sangam literature . It is an anthology of 400 love poems of medium length, 398 of which have survived. Within the Sangam literature it belongs to the group of the "eight anthologies" ( Ettuttogai ).

Formal aspects

Of the two genres of Sangam literature (love and hero poetry), the Natrinai represents the genre of love poetry ( agam ). The 400 poems of the Natrinai are, like most of the Sangam corpus, written in Agaval meter and have a length of eight to thirteen lines. Within the eight anthologies, the Natrinai, together with the Kurundogai and the Agananuru, form a group of love anthologies with 400 poems each. In the Natrinai , medium-length poems are collected, while the Kurundogai contains short and the Agananuru long poems. The poems of the Natrinai are attributed to 175 different poets. One poem (234) has not survived, another (385) has only survived in fragments. The work is preceded by an introductory verse with an invocation of the god Vishnu .

Dating

The poems of the Natrinai are counted on the basis of content and linguistic criteria to the oldest layer of the Sangam literature. The absolute chronology of the texts is not certain, but a period between the 1st and 3rd centuries AD is suggested for the poems of Natrinai . The Natrinai is largely homogeneous, but individual poems can also be more recent. A few centuries after their creation, the original orally transmitted individual poems were combined into an anthology.

Text example

"விளையா டாயமொடு வெண்மண லழுத்தி
மறந்தனந் துறந்த காழ்முளை யகைய
நெய்பெய் தீம்பால் பெய்தனம் வளர்ப்ப
நும்மினுஞ் சிறந்தது நுவ்வை யாகுமென்
றன்னை கூறினள் புன்னையது சிறப்பே
யம்ம நாணுது நும்மொடு நகையே
விருந்திற் விருந்திற் பாணர் விளரிசை
கடுப்ப வலம்புரி வான்கோடு நரலு
மிலங்குநீர்த் துறைகெழு கொண்கநீ
நல்கி னிறைபடு நீழல் பிறவுமா ருளவே."

" Viḷaiyāṭ 'āyamoṭu VEN Manal aḻutti
maṟantaṉam tuṟanta KAL Mulai akaiya
ney Pey Tim PAL peytaṉam vaḷarppa
nummiṉum ciṟantatu nuvvai AKUM ENR'
annai kūṟiṉaḷ puṉṉaiyatu ciṟappē
amma nāṇutum nummoṭu nakaiyē
viruntiṉ Panar Vilar ICAI kaṭuppa
Valampuri Van kotu naralum ilaṅku NIR
TURAI kelu compA nī nalkiṉ
Iraí PaTu nīḻal piṟavumār uḷavē. "

“Together with my playmates, I planted a seed in the white sand
and then forgot about it. But when it began to sprout, I doused it
with clarified butter and sweet milk to make it grow.
'He is even more excellent than you. This is your sister,'
mother praised the Punnai tree .
Oh, I'm ashamed to laugh with you here,
man from the coast with the harbor on the glittering water,
where the coiled white shells rustle
like music played by bards at the festival!
If you want, there are also shadows elsewhere. "

- natrinai 172

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Kamil Zvelebil: Tamil Literature, Leiden, Cologne: EJ Brill, 1975, p. 89.
  2. ^ Eva Wilden: Manuscript, Print and Memory. Relics of the Caṅkam in Tamilnadu, Berlin, Munich, Boston: De Gruyter, 2014, p. 8.
  3. ↑ Wilden 2014, p. 12.
  4. ↑ Wilden 2014, pp. 413–414.

literature

Text output
  • Naṟṟiṇai. Edited and commented on by A. Narayanasami Iyer. Ceṉṉappattaṉam 1915. ( First edition , several reprints.)
  • A Critical Edition and an Annotated Translation of the Naṟṟiṇai. Edited and translated by Eva Wilden. 3 volumes. Pondicherry / Chennai: École Française d'Extrême-Orient / Tamilmann Patippakam, 2008. ( Critical edition with annotated translation into English)
Translations
  • Kandasamy Pillai, N. (ed.). 2008. Naṟṟiṇai: Text and Translation. Pondicherry: Institut Français de Pondichéry. [Complete translation into English.]
  • AK Ramanujan : Poems of Love and War. From the Eight Anthologies and the Ten Long Poems of Classical Tamil . New York: Columbia University Press, 1985. [Translation of selected poems a. A. from the Natrinai into English.]
  • George L. Hart: Poets of the Tamil Anthologies . Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1979. [Translation of selected poems a. A. from the Natrinai into English.]
Secondary literature
  • Eva Wilden: Manuscript, Print and Memory. Relics of the Caṅkam in Tamilnadu . Berlin, Munich, Boston: De Gruyter, 2014.
  • Kamil V. Zvelebil: Tamil Literature. Leiden, Cologne: EJ Brill, 1975.

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