Pattuppattu

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Sangam literature
Ettuttogai
("eight anthologies")
Pattuppattu
("ten chants")

Pattuppattu ( Tamil : பத்துப்பாட்டு Pattuppāṭṭu [ ˈpat̪ːɯpːaːʈːɯ ] "ten chants") is the name for a collection of ten works of Old Tamil Sangam literature . The Pattuppattu comprises ten longer individual poems with a length of 103 to 782 lines. Together with the “eight anthologies” ( Ettuttogai ), it forms the corpus of Sangam literature.

The works of Pattuppattu

The ten chants are listed below in the traditional order:

Name of the poem Number of lines
Tirumurugatruppadai திருமுருகாற்றுப்படை Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai "The instruction to God Murugan" 317
Porunaratruppadai பொருநராற்றுப்படை Porunarāṟṟuppaṭai "The instruction for the war bards" 248
Syrup Panatruppadai சிறுபானாற்றுப்படை Ciṟupāṉāṟṟuppaṭai "The instruction for the bards with the little lute" 269
Perumbanatruppadai பெரும்பானாற்றுப்படை Perumpāṉāṟṟuppaṭai "The instruction for the bards with the big lute" 500
Mullaippattu முல்லைப்பாட்டு Mullaippāṭṭu "The forest poem" 103
Maduraikkanchi மதுரைக்காஞ்சி Maturaikkāñci "The advice [to the king] of Madurai" 782
Nedunalvadai நெடுநல்வாடை Neṭunalvāṭai "The long good north wind" 188
Kurinchippattu குறிஞ்சிப்பாட்டு Kuṟiñcippāṭṭu "The mountain poem" 261
Pattinappalai பட்டினப்பாலை Paṭṭiṉappālai "The city and the desert" 301
Malaipadukadam மலைபடுகடாம் Malaipaṭukaṭām "The separation from the mountain" 583

Of the ten chants, five, Porunaratruppadai, Perumbanatruppadai, Syrupanatruppadai, Malaipadukadam and Maduraikkanchi, represent the genre of hero poetry ( puram ) and one, Kurinchippattu, the genre of love poetry ( agam ). In the three works Pattinappalai, Mullaippattu and Nedunalvadai there is a mixed form of the Agam and Puram genres. The Tirumurugatruppadai is a poem of praise to the god Murugan .

Text history and anthologization

The dating of the Sangam literature is uncertain, but most of the ten chants probably date from the 4th to 5th centuries AD, while the Tirumurugatruppadai can be set to the 6th century. However, it is not known when these works were brought together to form the collection of the “ten songs”. The term “ten chants” first appeared in the 11th century with the author Ilamburanar in his commentary on Tolkappiyam . The identity of the works belonging to the ten chants, as well as their traditional order, are passed down in an anonymous verse known from the manuscript tradition. It is written in Venba measure and is probably of relatively recent date. This traditional knowledge forms the basis of the literary historiography of the Pattuppattu . The said verse reads as follows:

"முருகு பொருநாறு பாணிரண்டு முல்லை
பெருகு வளமதுரைக் காஞ்சி - மருவினிய
கோலநெடு நல்வாடை கோல்குறிஞ்சி படிடனப்
பாலை கடாத்தொடும் பாட்டு."

" Muruku porunāṟu pāṇ iraṇṭu mullai
peruku vaḷa ​​maturaikkāñci - maruv 'iṉiya
kōla neṭunalvāṭai kōl kuṟiñci paṭṭiṉap-
pālai kaṭāttoṭum pāṭṭu. "

" Murugu, Porunaru, the two Pans, Mullai,
Maduraikkanchi of great wealth, the pleasantly
beautiful Nedunalvadai, the excellent Kurinchi, Pattinappalai,
together with Kadam: these are the chants."

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Eva Wilden: Manuscript, Print and Memory. Relics of the Caṅkam in Tamilnadu, Berlin, Munich, Boston: De Gruyter, 2014, p. 8.
  2. ↑ Wilden 2014, p. 15.
  3. ↑ Wilden 2014, pp. 198–199.

literature

Text output
  • Pattuppāṭṭu mūlamum Nacciṉārkkiṉiyar uraiyum. Edited by UV Swaminatha Iyer . Tirāviṭātnākara Accukkūṭam, 1889. [Numerous new editions.]
Translations
  • JV Chelliah: Pattupattu: Ten Tamil Idylls. Tamil Verses with English Translation . Reprinted by Thanjavur: Tamil University, 1985 [1946]. [Complete translation of the "ten chants" into English.]
Secondary literature
  • K. Kailasapathy: Tamil Heroic Poetry . London: Oxford University Press, 1968.
  • Eva Wilden: Manuscript, Print and Memory. Relics of the Caṅkam in Tamilnadu . Berlin, Munich, Boston: De Gruyter, 2014.
  • Kamil Zvelebil: Tamil Literature . Leiden, Cologne: EJ Brill, 1975.