Eutypiosis

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Eutypiosis is a wood disease caused by the fungus Eutypa lata in various woody plants such as vines , trees and bushes . It is not a specific harmful agent. The disease is spread around the world and can lead to considerable failures. The fungus causes signs of death in numerous types of fruit and other woody plants. He was first known as the cause of apoplexy in the apricot , which is considered the main host of the fungus. In the case of grapevines, 12–15 year old plants are particularly endangered.

The pathogen in vines has been known since 1973. In the past, the symptoms were attributed to the Phomopsis viticola fungus.

Damage

Diseased vines or parts sprout belatedly. Only weak, stunted shoots with shortened internodes develop. The leaves remain small, are chlorotic, often with necrotic spots, sometimes curled up or puckered and deformed. The pebbles dry up or only trickled or small-berry grapes develop. The dead tissue in the wood is brown-gray to brown-black discolored and hardened. Due to the increasing destruction of the pipeline system, the development of the shoots becomes weaker every year, until finally the stick partially or completely dies. The susceptibility to frost is significantly increased, which leads to stick failures.

With this damage pattern, eutypiosis can be confused with frost damage or ripple mite infestation.

biology

Eutypiosis is caused by the hose fungus Eutypa lata (Pers.) Tul. & C.Tul. (syn. E. armeniaceae Hansf. & MV Carter); Minor crop form: Libertella blepharis AL Smith, causes. From February and at temperatures above 1 ° C and rain, large quantities of spores are released from infected trees. At optimal temperatures of 20 to 25 ° C, the spores germinate after 10–12 hours in the freshly cut wounds or other mechanical injuries (e.g. after winter frosts) exposed vessels. The mycelium first develops in the ducts ( xylem ) and also attacks the adjacent parts of the healthy wood. After infection, the fungus develops very slowly. There are no symptoms of the disease for the first year or two. Only after 3-4 years do the fruit bodies form on the surface of the dead wood. They release (from around February) after the onset of rain and during its duration, the spores that are spread over large distances by the wind.

Eutypiosis often occurs together with other wood fungi, such as Esca and black spot disease .

Combat

Direct control in the vine is not possible. If possible, mechanical damage to the old wood and the root trunk should be avoided. Cut back infected wood parts so that no black discoloration can be seen in the wood. With the shoots developing underneath, the wood in question can be rebuilt. The pruning measures should be carried out just before the budding and in no way just before the announced precipitation. Apply a suitable wound closure agent to large cuts immediately. Infested wood parts should be removed from the system immediately and burned. The wood must be stored under one roof, as very long spores are released from damp wood.

See also

Web links

literature

  • Horst Diedrich Mohr (Hrsg.): Color atlas diseases, pests and beneficial insects on the grapevine . 2nd Edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2011, ISBN 978-3-8001-7592-5 .
  • Helga Reisenzein, Friedrich Polesny, Erhard Höbaus: Diseases, pests and beneficial insects in viticulture. 5th edition. Österreichischer Agrarverlag, Vienna 2008, ISBN 978-3-7040-2319-3 .
  • Karl Bauer, Ferdinand Regner , Barbara Schildberger: Viticulture. 9th edition. avBook published by Cadmos Verlag, Vienna 2013, ISBN 978-3-7040-2284-4 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Karl Bauer, Ferdinand Regner , Barbara Schildberger: Viticulture. 9th edition. avBook published by Cadmos Verlag, Vienna 2013, ISBN 978-3-7040-2284-4 , p. 373.
  2. ↑ Horst Diedrich Mohr: color atlas diseases, pests and beneficial insects on the vine. 2nd Edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2011, ISBN 978-3-8001-7592-5 , pp. 144-148.
  3. ↑ Karl Bauer among others: Viticulture. 8th edition. Österreichischer Agrarverlag, 2008, ISBN 978-3-7040-2284-4 .
  4. ↑ Horst Diedrich Mohr: color atlas diseases, pests and beneficial insects on the vine. 2nd Edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2011, ISBN 978-3-8001-7592-5 , pp. 144-148.