Euxoa lidia
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| ( Stoll , 1782) |
Euxoa lidia , sometimes referred to as the blackish earth owl , is a butterfly ( moth ) fromthe owl butterfly family (Noctuidae).
features
butterfly
The wingspan of the moth is 31 to 37 millimeters. The color of the forewings varies slightly, the basic color being dark brown. Ring and kidney flaws are light brown and clearly emphasized, sometimes also yellow-white and gray filled or even almost pure white with a small dark spot in the middle. Flaws are not noticeable or very indistinct. Occasionally a whitish basal line can be seen. All cross lines are slightly brightened. The hind wings are gray-brown without drawing.
Egg, caterpillar, pupa
The egg is spherical, ribbed, flattened on the underside and straw yellow. When young, the caterpillars are blackish, adult gray-black and shiny greasy. The ventral side is gray-white, a broad back line is dark. On each segment, except the last, there are two brown-yellow, wedge-shaped lines to the side of the back line, which are connected to each other on the first two segments. The doll is light yellow with two tips on the cremaster .
Similar species
The Eurasian Euxoa adumbrata Eversmann, which until recently was listed as a subspecies, resembles Euxoa lidia in 1842 , but is larger, darker, has narrower forewings and only white-bordered kidney defects. According to Warnecke, the earlier subspecies were isolated in different regions during the last Ice Age , so that the location can also be used as a criterion for differentiation. On the surface, Euxoa lidia also resembles some forms of the Euxoa tritici species complex and other Euxoa species, such as Euxoa nigricans or Euxoa vitta , but is usually good for the distinctive blemishes and especially the sharply separated ruff, each half white and black to distinguish. Based on the description of the genitals documented by Kozhanchikov, a clear assignment can be made.
Geographical distribution and habitat
The species occurs or only occurred in the coastal regions of Belgium (?), The Netherlands , northern Germany (very likely extinct) and Denmark . Earlier Northern and Eastern European records are now assigned to the species Euxoa adumbrata (Eversmann, 1842). Euxoa lidia prefers warm and dry places in the coastal areas, for example sandy heaths.
Way of life
Euxoa lidia forms one generation per year. The nocturnal moths fly between July and August. They come to artificial light sources and visit the bait . The nocturnal caterpillars feed on various low plants and grasses , for example dandelions ( Taraxacum ) or bird knotweed ( Polygonum ). They overwinter and pupate in a cocoon in the ground in May of the following year.
Danger
The species is almost certainly extinct in Germany. The last finds date from the middle of the twentieth century. It is therefore classified in category 0 (extinct or lost) on the Red List of Threatened Species . It is considered to be one of the rarest species of owl butterfly in Europe.
swell
Individual evidence
- ↑ Red lists at Science4you
- ↑ a b c Fibiger (1990: p. 22/3)
- ^ Forster & Wohlfahrt (1971: p. 4/5)
- ↑ Espèces de Belgique
- ↑ Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (Ed.): Red List of Endangered Animals in Germany. Landwirtschaftsverlag, Münster 1998, ISBN 3-89624-110-9
literature
- Michael Fibiger: Noctuidae Europaeae. Volume 1, Noctuinae I. Entomological Press, Søro 1990, ISBN 87-89430-01-8
- Walter Forster , Theodor A. Wohlfahrt : The butterflies of Central Europe. Volume 4: Owls. (Noctuidae). Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1971, ISBN 3-440-03752-5 .
Web links
- Lepiforum
- www.nic.funet.fi - dissemination
- www.schmetterlinge-deutschlands.de - endangerment
- Fauna Europaea - Taxonomy