Five black categories
The five black categories ( Chinese 黑 五類 / 黑 五类 ) were the social classes persecuted by the Chinese Communist Party during the Cultural Revolution under " Outstanding Leader " Mao Zedong . Members of the five black categories were largely politically persecuted and even killed. These five categories included:
- Landlord ( Chinese 地主 , Pinyin dìzhǔ )
- "Rich farmers" ( Chinese 富農 , Pinyin fùnóng )
- Counterrevolutionaries ( Chinese 反革命 , Pinyin fǎngèmíng )
- People who exerted "bad influences" (or "bad elements", Chinese 壞 份子 , Pinyin huàifènzǐ )
- Rights ( Chinese 右派 , Pinyin yòupài )
These stood in contrast to the “ five red categories ” ( Chinese 紅五類 / 红五类 ), which were preferred by the ruling party and enjoyed social privileges.
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Song Junling: The Way of the Sea Shell: Tea Conversations about China . TWENTYSIX, 2016, ISBN 978-3-7407-1241-9 ( here in the Google book search [accessed July 7, 2020]).
- ↑ a b c Research Center for Culture and Collective Studies, Boike Rehbein: Journal for Culture and Collective Studies: Vol. 4, Issue 2/2018 . transcript Verlag, 2018, ISBN 978-3-8394-4471-9 ( here in the Google book search [accessed on July 7, 2020]).
- ^ A b c Lawrence R. Sullivan: Historical Dictionary of the Chinese Communist Party . Scarecrow Press, 2012, ISBN 978-0-8108-7225-7 ( here in Google Book Search [accessed July 7, 2020]).
- ^ A b c Eugene Perry Link: Roses and Thorns: The Second Blooming of the Hundred Flowers in Chinese Fiction, 1979-80 . University of California Press, 1984, ISBN 978-0-520-04980-2 ( here in Google Book Search [accessed July 7, 2020]).
- ↑ Li Ruojian (李若 建): 中国 贱民 阶层 “四类 分子” —— 从 赎罪 到 替 罪 ： 四类 分子 阶层 初步 研究. In: Chinese University of Hong Kong. Retrieved July 7, 2020 .