Arabat fortress
| Arabat fortress | ||
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 The Arabat fortress (Carlo Bossoli, 1856) |
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| Alternative name (s): | Арабатська фортеця, Арабатская крепость | |
| Creation time : | before 1651 | |
| Conservation status: | ruin | |
| Place: | Kamjanske | |
| Geographical location | 45 ° 17 '44.4 " N , 35 ° 28' 41.8" E | |
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The Arabat Fortress ( Ukrainian Арабатська фортеця ; Russian Арабатская крепость ; from the Arabic "Rabat" - roughly "fortified place") is the only Tatar - Turkish fortress on the coast of the Azov Sea on the Ukrainian peninsula of Crimea . Together with the Perekop Fortress and the Jeniche Fortress , it was intended to protect the Crimea from enemy attacks from the north and east.
geography
The fortress was built two kilometers northwest of the village of Ak-Monai ( Ак-Монай ), today's Kamjanske ( Кам'янське ) in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea in Lenine Raion at the beginning of the Arabat Spit between Sywasch and Arabat Bay .
description
The fortress was in the shape of an irregular polygon with powerful walls three meters thick, two gates (main gate and sea gate), five bastions, and deep moats that surrounded the complex and were perhaps filled with seawater via a connecting canal.
history
According to Pyotr I. Kjoppen , Arabat existed in the Crimea before the Turks arrived. The fortress was first mentioned in 1651 in the book " Description of Ukraine " by the French cartographer Guillaume le Vasseur de Beauplan . The Ottoman writer Evliya Çelebi wrote in the fifth volume of his travel book in 1656 that the fortress should protect from the Cossacks and Kalmyks and described the fortress as "a huge building with a tower .. firmly built .. a beautiful and wonderful armory .. loopholes. . Tower with a vaulted, boarded roof. "
In 1668 the Cossacks took the Arabat fortress by storm and killed everyone who was there. The Cossacks recaptured the fortress in 1737 and in 1771 the fortress was unable to withstand the attack of the Russian army and fell again. After the annexation of Crimea by Russia , a small garrison was stationed in the fortress, but the walls and buildings were outdated and derelict. During the Crimean War from 1853 to 1856, the fortress was modernized and reinforced by two battalions and 17 cannons. The landing of enemy troops on the Arabat Spit was prevented and the shipping traffic of enemy ships was hindered. After the Crimean War in 1856, Arabat was stripped of its urban status.
Web links
- Image of the fortress Arabat Carlo Bossoli 1856
- Map of Lenine Raion with Arabat Fortress (Russian)
proof
- Description of the fortress Arabat in Meyers Konversations-Lexikon from 1888 and Brockhaus' Konversationslexikon, 1902–1910
- Д.И. Яворницкий. Иван Дмитриевич Сирко, славный кошевой атаман войска запорожских низовых козаков. С.-Петербург, 1894.
Remarks
- ↑ The Ukrainian Wikipedia has an article on Kamjanske under Кам'янське (Ленінський район)
- ↑ The Russian-language Wikipedia has an article on PI Kjoppen under Кёппен, Пётр Иванович