Fire protection closure

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Fire door

A fire barrier has the task of protecting openings in fire-retardant or fire-resistant walls against the passage of fire . This includes self-closing fire doors or fire doors, gates, flaps or shutters .

In general, fire barriers are required in openings in the partition walls between usage units and in fire walls . Smoke protection doors must be used to subdivide corridors more than 30 m long and to protect stairwells from smoke penetration . Fire protection windows are required in special cases .

Where fire barriers are to be installed is regulated in the applicable building regulations and special building regulations. In Germany and Austria, each federal state has its own building code.

conditions

The requirements for fire protection closures are regulated in DIN 4102-5 (D) and ÖNORM B 3850 (Ö). There are the following fire resistance classes: T30, T60, T90, T120 and T180. The number behind the T indicates the duration in minutes for which the fire barrier must prevent the fire (not smoke) from penetrating and then open.

A distinction is made between fire-retardant (T30), highly fire-retardant (T60) and fire-resistant fire protection closures (T90). These are in turn divided into single-leaf doors z. B. (T90-1) and double-leaf doors z. B. (T90-2). A door of fire resistance class T30 with smoke protection function according to DIN 18095 is referred to as a T30-RS door for short.

The fire resistance class required for a fire barrier depends on the use of the building and the requirements for the wall in which it is installed. Glazing that is installed in fire protection barriers must be approved for the same fire resistance class as the fire protection barrier (e.g. F90 glazing in T90 doors).

Fire barriers must always be self-closing. Keeping them open with wedges or the like is a criminal offense in Germany ( Section 145 StGB). Fire barriers may only through approved hold open systems are kept open, which are controlled individually via fire detectors and closed automatically.

A fire protection door is not necessarily smoke-tight and a smoke-tight door does not have to meet the fire resistance requirements. The requirements for smoke protection doors are regulated in DIN 18095.

The smoke-tightness is ensured by a circumferential seal on all sides, which prevents the passage of cold and hot smoke (up to 200 ° C) when installed and closed. In the event of a fire, they should ensure the rescue of people and animals without a respirator . Smoke protection doors must also always close automatically.

Admission

Fire barriers must be approved by the German Institute for Building Technology ( DIBt ). The approvals for the use as a fire protection closure in the sense of the state building regulations are usually granted for five years and if necessary extended upon application. Proof of conformity from the manufacturer or the company that installed the door must be kept by the operator. Fire protection doors have a permanent label on which the approval number of the DIBt (formerly IfBt) is stamped, preceded by a capital Ü. The specification T 30-2 MPA NRW Z-1.2-3456 stands, for example, for a 2-leaf door, 30 minutes fire-retardant, monitored by the Materials Testing Office in North Rhine-Westphalia, approval by DIBt with approval notice with number ZX-xxxx. This sign is comparable to a license plate and must not be removed.

The following components should be present in a properly installed fire door:

  • Approval label on the door leaf,
  • Declaration of conformity by the installation company (the installer) on the correct installation and installation of the door in accordance with the approval,
  • Maintenance instructions,
  • Notification of approval from DIBt.

Smoke protection doors only require a general building authority test certificate from a recognized test center. The approval also regulates the installation. Fire protection doors and smoke protection doors form a unit of door frame , door leaf and the fittings required for the function , typically these are door closers .

Fire and smoke protection doors are made of steel, aluminum and wood, as well as combinations of these materials. Glazing with glass elements with the appropriate fire resistance class is also possible.

See also

literature

Individual evidence

  1. Hans Kemper: Preventive fire protection. (Legal basis - structural measures. Plant engineering measures. Organizational measures). 2nd Edition. ecomed Sicherheit, Landsberg / Lech 2008, ISBN 978-3-609-62018-3 , p. 24 .
  2. Deutsches Institut für Bautechnik (DIBt): Basic explanation of the modified approval procedure for fire protection barriers ( Memento from March 1, 2017 in the Internet Archive ), as of December 1, 2005