Smoke door
A smoke protection door is a door element with a self-closing door leaf and smoke-tight lip seals. The aim is to prevent the spread of life-threatening smoke gases in buildings in the event of a fire . A distinction must be made between fire protection barriers in accordance with DIN 4102 Part 2 and so-called tightly closing doors.
As a so-called non-regulated construction product, the door element in Germany requires a proof of usability in the form of a general building inspection approval (abZ) , a general building inspection test certificate (abP) or approval in individual cases (ZiE) .
Terms and requirements
Terms and requirements for smoke protection doors (RS) are specified in DIN 18095 Part 1. DIN 18095 has been introduced by the building authorities in most federal states and is therefore applicable building law.
Smoke protection doors (RS) according to the DIN 18095 standard are self-closing doors that are designed to prevent smoke from passing through when installed and closed. Your leak rate must not be greater than 20 m³ / h for single-leaf doors and 30 m³ / h for double-leaf doors. The test is carried out with cold air as well as with air heated to 200 ° C at an overpressure of 50 Pascal. In relation to a time span of 10 minutes, this is considered sufficient for the rescue in the event of an incipient fire with incipient smoke.
Just like fire protection doors, smoke protection doors are tested for long-term functionality according to DIN EN 1191 (or formerly according to DIN 4102 Part 18) by opening them 200,000 times and closing them again using the door's locking system (" door closer "). At the same time, the connection of the frame type to various wall systems is checked.
The requirements of DIN 18095 are supplemented by the harmonized European DIN EN 1363-1 / -3.
The performance characteristic of smoke-tight seals S 200 according to DIN EN 13501-2 requires according to DIN EN 1634-3 and DIN 18095-3 the limitation of the leakage of the entire system to 50 m³ / h at room temperature (RT) up to 200 ° C and 50 Pa below- or overpressure.
The performance property of smoke-tight closures S a according to DIN EN 13501-2 requires according to DIN EN 1634-3 and DIN 18095-3 the limitation of the leakage to 3 m³ / h per running meter of joint length (without floor sealing) at room temperature (RT) and 25 Pa below - or overpressure.
The performance characteristic of room closure E according to DIN EN 13501-2 requires resistance to fire according to DIN EN 1634-1, so that the passage of flames or hot gases is prevented (the protection goal EI cannot be achieved by a fire load-free zone in front of or behind the fire protection closure but is to be assessed according to the standard for the fire protection closure itself).
commitment
Smoke protection doors (RS doors) must be installed where they are required according to building regulations or a fire protection concept confirmed by the building authorities. Examples based on the model building regulations - MBO 2002:
- § 35 Para. 3 S. 3 No. 3 MBO: If the exit of a necessary stairwell does not lead directly to the outside, the space between the necessary stairwell and the exit to the open must have smoke-tight and self-closing [...] closures to the necessary corridors .
- Section 35, Paragraph 6, Sentence 1, No. 1 MBO: In the necessary stairwells, openings to basements, undeveloped attic spaces, workshops, shops, storage and similar rooms as well as other rooms and usage units with an area of more than 200 m², with the exception of apartments, have at least fire-retardant, smoke-proof and self-closing closures.
- Section 35 (6) sentence 1 no. 2 MBO: In necessary stairwells, openings to necessary corridors must have smoke-tight and self-closing closures.
- Section 36 (3) sentence 1 MBO: Necessary corridors are to be subdivided into smoke sections by non-lockable, smoke-tight and self-closing closures.
In cases in which a room must be separated by a smoke protection door (RS door) according to DIN 18095 Part 1 as well as a fire protection closure according to DIN 4102 Part 5, a door element can be used that meets both requirements, i.e. a fire protection door / fire protection door with smoke protection function.
Smoke protection doors are to be distinguished from tightly closing doors.
Lower requirements apply to tightly closing doors. For example, they are required according to the Model Building Regulations - MBO 2002 in these cases:
- Section 29 (5) MBO: Openings in partition walls [1) between usage units and between usage units and other rooms, with the exception of necessary corridors; 2) to close off rooms with an explosion or increased risk of fire; 3) between common rooms and other rooms in the basement] must have fire-retardant, tight and self-closing closures. (does not apply to residential buildings in building classes 1 and 2)
- Section 30 (8) sentence 2 MBO: Openings [in internal fire walls] must have fire-resistant, tight and self-closing closures.
- Section 35 (6) sentence 1 no. 3 MBO: In necessary stairwells, openings to other rooms and usage units must have at least tight and self-closing closures.
- Section 36 (4) sentence 4 MBO: Doors in [the walls of necessary corridors] must close tightly; Openings to storage areas in the basement must have fire-retardant, tight and self-closing closures.
- Section 45 No. 2 MBO: Solid waste may be temporarily stored inside buildings, but only in buildings of building classes 3 to 5 if the rooms [...] intended for this have openings from the inside of the building to the installation room with fire-retardant, tight and self-closing closures .
designation
- Smoke protection door (RS), single-leaf (1) Door DIN 18095 - RS-1
- Smoke protection door (RS), double-leaf (2) Door DIN 18095 - RS-2
conditions
Locking devices and hold-open systems for smoke protection doors
Smoke protection doors must close automatically. Door closers in accordance with DIN 18263 must be used for smoke protection doors . The independent closing of a smoke protection door may only be hindered outside of a fire with the aid of hold-open systems, the usability of which has been proven in the form of a usability certificate ( abP , abZ , ZiE).
Identification label
Smoke protection doors are to be provided with an identification plate - smoke protection DIN 18095. The operator is responsible for the perfect condition of the smoke protection door.
Other requirements
Smoke protection doors in generally accessible corridors that serve as escape routes must not have any lower stops or thresholds.
exam
Smoke protection doors are checked for leaks from the opening and closing area on the largest required door . The leak test for smoke protection doors is carried out on an operational and properly installed smoke protection door.
Quality assurance
Each smoke protection door is given an identification plate (smoke protection door) and is supplied with a factory certificate.
Fittings , lever handle sets , locks and other locking devices may only be used if there is evidence of usability for these building products - a general building inspectorate test certificate or a general building inspectorate approval - and the installation regulations for smoke protection doors are observed.
Retrofitted smoke protection door
By means of suitable retrofit systems, it is now possible to retrofit a smoke protection function on existing fire protection barriers. These tested systems achieve the smoke tightness required by DIN 18095. This process can improve the smoke protection properties of existing doors. However, the use must be coordinated in advance with the responsible building supervisory authority.
literature
- Holger Schopbach: Doors with fire protection requirements in residential buildings , magazine "Holzbau - die neue Quadriga", 4/2008
Web links
- Model building regulations 2002 (pdf; 265 kB)
- Article about smoke protection doors on Secupedia
Individual evidence
- ↑ Basic explanation of the modified approval procedure for fire barriers ( Memento from March 1, 2017 in the Internet Archive ), Deutsches Institut für Bautechnik (DIBt), as of December 1, 2005
- ↑ Information sheet ( Memento of the original from February 22, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. to differentiate between "smoke protection doors, smoke-tight doors and tightly closing doors", Grauthoff door group; accessed in February 2017
- ↑ DIN EN 1634-2 fittings for fire-resistant closures and openable windows , Baunetzwissen.de
- ↑ Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Ralf Spiekers: Apartment entrance doors - What the E DIN 18105 leaves open ... , TSD-SPECIALIST ARTICLE - December 19, 2014, Federal Association of Carpenters Carpenters Germany
- ↑ Stoebich Brandschutz GmbH ( Memento of the original from December 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed May 2015
