Liquor

Flotte stands for a mostly aqueous liquid in which textiles are washed, bleached , dyed or impregnated .

Depending on the respective use, also in fur finishing , liquors for washing are referred to as wash liquors, liquors for bleaching as bleaching liquors and those for dyeing as dyeing liquors.

The term fleet always refers to the totality of all its components, i.e. H. the solvent (usually water ) and all dissolved , emulsified or dispersed components contained therein such as dyes , pigments , chemicals and auxiliaries.

In contrast, a "blind fleet" is a fleet that lacks an essential component. For example, in order to be able to make comparisons, fabrics are “dyed” with a “blind liquor” that contains all additives except the dye itself in order to reduce the influence of other components such as chemicals, auxiliaries, etc. Like., But also to be able to better assess the dyeing process itself, which is particularly important when creating a recipe in a dyeing laboratory, since the parameters of the dyeing process alone can result in differences in the shade of the fabric.

The amount of the components of a liquor is given in g / l or ml / l for liquids or% (based on the weight of the goods).

Liquor ratio

The liquor ratio ( often abbreviated as FV in the textile industry ) is the ratio of the amount of goods to the amount of liquor in a machine .

The liquor ratio depends on the process and machine used. The trend in industry is - where possible - towards "short" (low) fleet ratios. This helps to save water and energy, i.e. to produce more economically and in a more environmentally friendly way with a view to wastewater. Similarly, if the liquor ratio is high, such as 1:40, the term “long liquor” is used.

Fleet pick-up

The liquor uptake (often abbreviated as FA) is another important parameter in the textile industry . With it it is possible to calculate how much of the individual components of the fleet has been absorbed by the goods. It is the ratio of the mass of the goods and the weight of the fleet taken up by the goods in percent :

${\displaystyle FA[\%]={\frac {(\mathrm {Masse} _{(\mathrm {Ware\,mit\,Flotte} )}-\mathrm {Masse} _{(\mathrm {Ware} )})\cdot 100}{\mathrm {Masse} _{(\mathrm {Ware} )}}}}$

Example: 100 kg cotton weighs 160 kg after finishing (as wet as it comes out of the machine), so the liquor pick-up is 60%. The liquor contains 5% of the component that is to be absorbed by the cotton: 5% of 60% is 3%. So 3% (or 3 kg) of the component was applied to the cotton.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Eberhard Wadischat: Expert- Praxislexikon Textilkunde 1111 helpful terms; Textile descriptions with stain lexicon for household, trade and industry . expert verlag, 2008, ISBN 978-3-8169-2748-8 , p. 51 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
2. ^ Paul Ruggli: Internship in dyeing and dye analysis for students . Springer-Verlag, 2013, ISBN 978-3-642-99090-8 , pp. 3 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
3. ↑ Alois Kiessling, Max Matthes: Textile specialist dictionary . Fachverlag Schiele & Schoen, 1993, ISBN 978-3-7949-0546-1 , p. 137 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
4. ↑ Giselher Valk: Systematisation of the analysis of fiber accompanying substances with regard to their washability . Springer-Verlag, 2013, ISBN 978-3-322-88450-3 , p. 131 ( limited preview in Google Book search).