Forces Armées d'Haïti
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| guide | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Commander in Chief : | Head of State of Haiti | ||
| Headquarters: | Port-au-Prince | ||
| Military strength | |||
| Active soldiers: | |||
| Conscription: | |||
| Eligibility for military service: | |||
| Share of gross domestic product : | N / A | ||
| history | |||
| Founding: | 1958 from the Garde d'Haïti, founded in 1928 | ||
| Resolution: | 1996 | ||
The Forces Armées d'Haïti were the armed forces of Haiti from 1958 until the abolition of the armed forces by President Jean-Bertrand Aristide in 1996. They were reorganized after 2011.
history
The army, originally established in the 19th century by Jean-Jacques Dessalines , was abolished in 1916 after a US invasion. The Gendarmerie d'Haïti became the Garde d'Haïti in 1928 . This in turn was renamed in 1958 under Duvalier in Forces Armées d'Haïti (FAd'H) .
The military was one of the pillars of the dictator François Duvalier ("Papa Doc") and his son Jean-Claude Duvalier ("Baby Doc") alongside the militias of the Tonton Macoute . The fall of “Baby Docs” in 1986 led to a provisional military government led by General Henri Namphy , the “Conseil National de Gouvernement” (February 1986 – February 1988). On June 19, 1988, the government of President Leslie Manigat was overthrown by a military coup by Henri Namphys. This was overthrown for three months by a new military coup General Prosper Avril , who finally promised to pave the way for democratic elections under international pressure. However, the election he had announced did not take place. On March 10, 1990, because of rising street protests, he handed over his powers to Major General Hérard Abraham , who initiated the transition to a civil government and elections.
The overthrow of the first democratically elected President of Haiti, Jean Bertrand Aristide, on September 30, 1991 by the military under Raoul Cédras sparked strong protests. The military tried to prevent Aristides from taking office again by using force (cf., inter alia, Raboteau massacre ). Five months after the Raboteau massacre, a US-led invasion brought President Aristide, who was elected in 1991, back to power.
In 1996, President Aristide abolished the military by decree , the National Police ( Police Nationale d'Haïti ) PNH also took on defense tasks. After the great earthquake (2010) , a Force de Défense Haïtienne was set up again under President Michel Martelly in 2011 .
structure
- L'armée haïti ( army )
- La Marine haïtienne ( Marine )
- La Force aérienne haïtienne ( Air Force , since 1943)
- La Garde côtière haïtienne ( Coast Guard , since the late 1930s)
- Forces de police (paramilitary police in Port-au-Prince)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Haiti-Armée: Une nouvelle force armée pour la défense civile , Alix Laroche, Haiti Press Network, hpnhaiti.com, undated
- ^ CP Moïse: Haiti: Constitution and Political Crises 1987-1992. In: H. Barrios, J. Suter (Ed.): Political representation and participation in the Caribbean. Cuba, Haiti, Dominican Republic in the 19th and 20th centuries. Political Organization and Representation in America, Vol 4., VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden, 1996.
- ^ Birnbaum, Jesse: "Haiti Deja Vu, All Over Again" , TIME Magazine February 5, 1990
- ↑ Historique , md.gouv.ht, accessed January 30, 2014
- ↑ Haiti - Armée: Priorité à la Force de défense civile . In Haiti libre online, 10/10/2013
- ↑ Haiti-Armée: Une nouvelle force armée pour la défense civile , Alix Laroche, Haiti Press Network, hpnhaiti.com, undated