Frankenburg (Upper Austria)
| Frankenburg | ||
|---|---|---|
 Frankenburg after an engraving by Georg Matthäus Vischer from 1674 Topographia Austriae superioris modernae |
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| Alternative name (s): | Feste Frankenburg, Francoburgum Castrum | |
| Creation time : | First mentioned in 1160 | |
| Castle type : | Hilltop castle | |
| Conservation status: | Burgstall | |
| Place: | Frankenburg am Hausruck | |
| Geographical location | 48 ° 5 '9.1 " N , 13 ° 30' 25.2" E | |
| Height: | 723 m above sea level A. | |
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The Frankenburg , formerly festivals Frankenburg or Francoburgum Castrum called, is an Outbound hilltop castle in the town of Frankenburg am Hausruck in Upper Austria on the Hofberg, formerly at Vogl . It was first mentioned in a document in 1160 and abandoned as the administrative seat in 1511. The area is used for hiking, the "Hofberghütte" at the site of the former castle serves as a lookout point.
location
The Frankenburg was on the Upper Austrian side on the old Bavarian border. Since the division of the territory was not yet certain at that time, it is often counted as part of the Bavarian state territory in historical representations. In addition to protecting the citizens, the aim was also to secure the border to the north.
The castle was built on a plateau at a height of about 723 m. The former cemetery is also located on the Hofberg. In the course of time, human bones were found during excavation work in various places. Today, no ruins can be seen on the surface. After the abandonment, it served as a stone spring for the local population. In the 16th century even fires were set to make it easier to extract building material. The high proportion of wood was also partly responsible for the heavy decay.
history
The first medieval property was built in the area of the village church, but no traces of it can be found today. The subsequent building was erected on the Hofberg, archaeological excavations (2003 and 2005) uncovered fragments of the wall there. Today's market town of Frankenburg was still known as Zwispallen . There are also references to Celtic tombs in the vicinity of the castle . These allow the conclusion to be drawn from a previous, even older castle complex.
In the course of the settlement of the area around Zwispallen, the need for defense systems arose. The first Franconian immigrants cleared the wooded Hofberg. The surrounding settlements had different tasks, which can also be seen in the names, e.g. B. Pehigen (formerly also Bechigen , from Pechsieder ) or bathing rooms . The local settlers built the defenses themselves. In the second half of the 11th century, Rappoto von Julbach received an order from the aristocracy to complete the Frankenburg fortress. Therefore, the Frankenburg resembled the castle in Julbach very much. The builders continued the settlers' work with stone. The Frankenburg was largely made of wood, but finds show that it was not entirely wooden.
During the first expansion phase, the Julbachers forced the unfree peasants around the Frankenburg to labor. The region belonged to a diocese of Bamberg (Bavaria), which disapproved of the exploitation of the settlers in their property. Their aim was to operate forest management in Frankenburg.
The Frankenburg was later expanded from a purely defensive castle to an administrative castle (Vogteiburg). The additional buildings were partly built with bricks. The building was completed under Otto I in the 12th century. In a diploma, Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa officially confirmed the " Feste " Frankenburg and his goods to his successor . With this confirmation, the castle could also be loaned, pledged or given away. The emperor's request in the same document to have a say in the allocation of bailiffs also increased the castle's political importance. On February 15, 1160, the festival was first referred to as "Francoburgum castrum".
A decade later (1170), Engelschalk von Reit Zwispallen handed over the castle and the castle to Asbach an der Rott Abbey . Until 1438 the Frankenburg was still subject to the highest authority of the diocese of Bamberg. The monastery was also the owner of various grit that had to pay taxes. Such gifts should pave the way for the founders to the afterlife.
In 1581, Emperor Rudolf II awarded his envoy in Madrid, Hans Khevenhüller , instead of his pay the dominions Frankenburg (with the then still intact seat Schloss Frankenburg) and Schloss Frein , as well as the dominions Burg Kogl (where the Khevenhüller built the Schloss Kogl in 1750 ) and Schloss Kammer , which in 1593 was united to form the "Grafschaft Frankenburg".
Finds
Remnants of the wall were found at the front, but they are too thin to have been part of the tower. During the excavation at the beginning of the 21st century, a large number of everyday objects were found. This also includes accumulated accumulations of medieval nails that indicate wooden structures at this location.
During excavations in 2007, a brick was also found with the fingerprints of a worker. Research shows that the man about 156 cm tall was right-handed. In addition, the seekers brought ceramic fragments to the light of day, almost half of which come from light-colored ceramics called " Hausruckkeramik ". Some ceramics have stamps or edge motifs, some have wheel crosses , an early form of marking ceramic ware. This light ceramic is rather rare in contrast to the dark one.
A special find was that of a ceramic mouthpiece made of light clay. Instruments of this type are usually not preserved, and tones can still be extracted from this opened piece.
In two different places there were collections of old stove tiles, including a part from the 15th century decorated with a winged griffin , together with charred animal bones. These ovens either acted as cooking places or the castle residents threw rubbish into the fire. However, the tiles were not made of high quality, they are very grainy. There was also a part of a brick floor over a thick layer of fire rubble. The traces of fire prove various fires in the castle, which covered all parts.
Reconstruction of the plant
In the north-south extent the castle was 302 meters, of which about 150 meters are accounted for by the castle plateau and the outer bailey. The main castle was 74 meters long and a maximum of 32 meters wide. The path to the Hofberg, which is still used today (for agricultural purposes), leads to the historic entrance. This was followed by two ramparts that could be passed through gates. The walls were no more than six meters high. You then reached a small square from which the first moat could be passed over a bridge . Then those seeking entry came to the outer bailey. The main castle was reached over the main bridge over the main moat. Today's soil structure shows the plateaus and ditches still clearly visible. The remains of the outer wall were preserved, they were about 120 cm thick. The inner walls, however, were only about 37 cm thick. There are also remains of a defensive wall. Towards the end of the Middle Ages, one has the dungeon completely removed. However, a surface measurement showed an original size of about 9 × 9 meters. A painting in Hochosterwitz Castle clearly shows the old tower. It can be seen that it consisted of at least two upper floors, which corresponds to a height of 25 to 30 meters.
The reconstruction was carried out using old paintings, soil measurements and excavations. An extensive archaeological excavation would probably produce more precise information, but is currently (2010) not feasible.
See also
literature
- Franz Ottinger: The Frankenburg . Moserbauer Druck & Verlag, Ried im Innkreis 2008, ISBN 978-3-902121-91-2 .