Franz Kiršnik

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Franz Kirschnik (Russian Франц Киршник; * around 1741, † after 1802) was an organist and organ builder in Saint Petersburg .

Live and act

Franz Kirschnik possibly came from Bohemia (?). He worked in Copenhagen and came to Saint Petersburg around the end of the 1770s . There he became organist at the Protestant St. Anne's Church on Wassilewski Island .

In 1783 he presented a portative in which he was the first to incorporate penetrating reeds as registers. This innovation met with great interest in the city. It was based on a publication by Professor Christian Gottlieb Kratzenstein from Copenhagen in 1780 in Petersburg. Kirschnik became a member of the board of directors of the imperial court theater that year, where he was also a musical master (мастер), and he became a member of the Musical Society. In 1788 he showed his innovation to the musical instrument maker Georg Joseph Vogler at a concert by him in Saint Petersburg. Vogler was thrilled. Kirschnik sent his colleague Georg Christoffer Rackwitz to Vogler in Warsaw in 1790 to build the resounding reed stops in his instruments. Kirschnik is now considered to be one of the fathers of the development of the accordion and the accordion .

Franz Kirschnik mainly built portatives for Petersburg citizens. Newly built church organs are not known. Nevertheless, he is considered to be the most innovative and important organ builder in St. Petersburg at this time. Students and employees were Georg Christoffer Rackwitz and Christian Kindten .

The last mention of Franz Kirschnik is from 1902, the date of his death is unknown.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Only a Cyrillic and a Swedish spelling Kirsnick are historically passed down, the original form is not known
  2. ↑ Ройзман Л. И .: Орган в истории русской музыкальной культуры . Казань, 2000, indicates the Bohemian origin; it is unclear whether as a presumption or from documents. The name Kiršnik is completely uncommon in Bohemia and today's Czech Republic, it is probably of Croatian origin, also occurring in Bulgaria, as Kirschnik several times in Austria and Germany, the first name Franz was often in the Habsburg Monarchy.
  3. ↑ Christian Friedrich Gottlieb Wilke : About the invention of the pipe works with penetrating tongues . In: Allgemeine Musikische Zeitung of March 5, 1823 (No. 10), pp. 149–155 , here p. 152, according to information from Georg Christoffer Rackwitz, Kirsnick's employee
  4. ↑ The first accordion with information from archive material of the Imperial Theater (note II / 6, Russian)
  5. ↑ Nikolai Findeizen: History of Music in Russia from Antiquity to 1800 . Tom 2. Indiana University Press, 2008. pp. 824 et al.
  6. ↑ Erik Fischer, Annelie Kürsten, Sarah Brasack (eds.): Musical instrument construction in intercultural dialogue (= research reports on the project "German Music Culture in Eastern Europe", Volume 1) . Franz Steiner, Stuttgart 2006. pp. 82, 138, 281
  7. ↑ History of the accordion (German)
  8. ↑ Douglas E. Bush, Richard Kassel (ed.): The organ. To encyclopedia. Routledge, New York 2006, ISBN 0-415-94174-1 . P. 479
  9. ↑ History of the organ in Russia (Russian)
personal data
SURNAME Kiršnik, Franz
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Киршник, Франщ (Russian); Kirschnik, Franz (transcription); Kirshnik, Franz (English); Krishnik, Franz; Kirsnick, Franz; Kirsnik, Franz
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Bohemian organist and organ builder in Saint Petersburg
DATE OF BIRTH around 1741
DATE OF DEATH after 1802