Christian Friedrich Gottlieb Wilke

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Live and act

education

Friedrich Wilke received his first music lessons from his father, a teacher in Spandau. Later, the organist and singer (bass) Heinrich Neumann from Spandau taught the then eight-year-old to play the organ. At the age of ten he occasionally played the organ in the church in Spandau on Sundays, later in Charlottenburg .

Since he was supposed to study theology according to his father's wishes , he attended the knight's college (Domgymnasium) in Brandenburg from the age of 13 . In accordance with his musical inclination, he tried hard in the music lessons of the teacher and Brandenburg organist of the St. Gotthardt Church Michael Ehregott Grose (1747–1795) and received private lessons on the organ and figured bass from him . He came out by participating in concerts of the knight's college, especially as a piano player . In his free time he visited the workshop of the organ builder Grüneberg (1751–1808).

After three years in Brandenburg, Wilke switched to the grammar school at the Gray Monastery in Berlin . His interest in organ building increased through visits to organ workshops, for example the organ builders Buchholz (1796–1806) and Marx (1728–1799). In addition, there were concerts, partly as a listener, partly as a participant, and self-study of books on music and organ building. Through mediation, he received composition lessons from Christian Kalkbrenner (1755–1806), the conductor of the Prussian queen .

Organist and teacher

On July 27, 1791, Wilke took up his first position as organist in Spandau. He also gave private music lessons. After the defeat of Prussia by France in 1806, his position was cut and he - now in Charlottenburg - had to live exclusively on his income as a private teacher.

Since December 1, 1809, he has been a music teacher at the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Gymnasium in Neuruppin as well as a cantor and organist at both churches in the city, the parish church of St. Marien and the monastery church of St. Trinity .

Freemasons

In Neuruppin, Wilke initiated the establishment of a Masonic Lodge in 1811 , which was then officially opened in 1812 under the name " Ferdinand zum Rothen Adler ". Wilke had refused to take over the office of master from the chair , but from 1813 he was a deputy (deputy) master and generally very active in box work. From 1834 to 1838 he finally officiated as master of the chair, but in the opinion of the chronicler was already too old and too weak to manage the lodge . Already in this year he fell ill for a long time, had to go on a bathing trip, lost his wife in the next year and so continued to get ailing mentally and physically . In 1838 he was made an honorary master and in 1842 an honorary member of the friendly " Constantia " lodge in Kyritz .

Music writer and organ auditor

Wilke began his journalistic activities in 1811 with a description of the organ in the parish church in Neuruppin, but then also published a guide to practical singing lessons (Berlin 1812) and in 1816 an article on the current decline of church singing and on its improvement . Many more contributions followed, mainly on questions of organ building (see below).

Soon he was also working as an expert in the inspection of newly built organs; he was the auditor of the organ in Hohenbruch, built in 1816 by Johann Tobias Turley (1773-1829) from Treuenbrietzen . As inspector ( Commissarius / Revisor ) in organ building matters he was sworn in by the Royal Government in Potsdam, and on August 24, 1821, they announced that " through the active and tireless cooperation of the art-loving Mr. Wilke " several important organs had been built for several years therefore, before submitting an application for the purchase of organs, his advice should be sought.

However, because of the preference given to the baker Turley, who became an organ builder by himself, and the relegation of regularly trained organ builders (such as Friedrich Emanuel Marx and Gottlieb Heise ), complaints against Wilke were increasing, with Carl Friedrich Zelter and August Wilhelm Bach at the head of them , the directors of the Berlin Institute for Church Music founded in 1822 . Thereupon the Prussian minister of education, Karl Frhr, prohibited . vom Stein zum Altenstein in 1825 the government in Potsdam, Wilke to continue to entrust revisions, and Bach appointed commissarius for organ matters in the Kgl. Superstructure deputation. Wilke now had to find clients for organ overhauls among the city magistrates in more remote regions of Prussia (Altmark and Silesia) as well as in neighboring countries (Mecklenburg and Anhalt). He then worked several times with Friedrich Turley , the son and successor of Tobias Turley.

After the construction of the large organ in the Marienkirche in Wismar, which was partly different from his design from 1839 to 1841 , Wilke got into heated arguments with other organ experts (including Bach) and over a two-time revision in Neubrandenburg (1841 and 1843) also with the organist there. These arguments, persistently carried out in magazines and pamphlets, lasted until the end of his life - one last word from the music director Wilke about the construction matters of the organs in Wismar and Neubrandenburg , and the malicious publications that resulted from them, with which the organist Baake zu Halberstadt and Gerlach zu Neubrandenburg, who had been persecuted for a number of years, and indeed still until now, appeared shortly before his death.

inventor

Wilke invented an instrument for tuning the piano and called it the Octochord . The improvement of the invention of the "pipe works with resounding tongues" for organ pipes and the determination of all inventors in this regard can also be traced back to him. A “compensation mixture” that Wilke had invented was subsequently built into the organ at St. Marien in Wismar on the basis of an additional agreement between the music director and the organ builder Schulze with the necessary pipes.

Honors

  • Appointment as music director on March 12, 1821.
  • Awarded the Great Gold Medal for Art and Science in 1830 by King Friedrich Wilhelm III. in recognition of his composition with harmony accompaniment , which was performed publicly by a choir with 120 singers and numerous instrumentalists under Wilke's direction on August 26, 1829 at the inauguration of the monument to King Friedrich Wilhelm II designed by Karl Friedrich Schinkel and created by Christian Friedrich Tieck . He also composed other cantatas , motets and other church music ; He donated the income from his concerts to poor residents of the respective event location and poor school children.
  • Honorary membership in the "German National Association for Music and Science" (under the presidency of Louis Spohr ) 1839.
  • Written, honorable recognition of work for the youth as well as for art and science by authorities and by King Friedrich Wilhelm IV .
  • Awarded the Red Eagle Order IV class on the occasion of his retirement in 1845.

50-year service anniversary

On July 27, 1841, Wilke celebrated his 50th service anniversary in Neuruppin. Honors of the jubilee were given by the city and the citizens, u. A. with a feast and an evening fireworks display. The garrison choir and a foreign military orchestra performed festive music. Among the well-wishers were a delegation from the city of Spandau and other guests of honor such as B. the composer Gottfried Wilhelm Fink (1783-1846), who had composed a song for the anniversary boy. Also present were the District Administrator of the Ruppin District Friedrich Graf von Zieten (1765–1854), the composer Friedrich Johann von Drieberg (1780–1856) and some of Wilke's former students, including the organist and composer David Hermann Engel (1816–1877), to whom he had given the first organ lessons.

Pensioner in Treuenbrietzen

After his retirement in 1845, Wilke moved to live with his foster daughter in Treuenbrietzen . She had married a merchant there in 1844. The close relative died before him in early 1847.

While he was still alive, Wilke donated his music library to the Potsdam school teacher seminar, and in his will he donated 4000 Rth. to increase the salary of his successors in office.

In the biographical-genealogical reference work Oettingers Moniteur des Dates from 1868, Wilke's last place of residence also lists the profession of organist, the exact date of birth and death and the first name of Karl Friedrich. Already in the necrology for him it said about himself: "KFG Wilke" - the correction of the author shortly afterwards was probably overlooked, who apologized with the bad handwriting of his source and made it clear: " Wilke's baptismal names are Christian Friedrich Gottlob ".

Fonts (selection)

Wilke was an external employee (correspondent) for the Leipziger Allgemeine Musikalische Zeitung , also wrote essays for Caecilia, a magazine for the musical world (edited by Gottfried Weber ), and for the Berliner Allgemeine Musikalische Zeitung (edited by Adolf Bernhard Marx ). He also wrote some specialist books.

He also wrote the organ articles for Gustav Schilling's Encyclopedia of the Entire Musical Sciences or Universal Lexicon of Tonkunst , to which z. B. the Dresden Kreuz organist Christian Gottlob Höpner (1799-1859) called in a public dispute on the "flexibility of the organ tone".

Wilke's views on organ building were not shared by all of his contemporaries; B. communicated by the cathedral organist in Halberstadt Ferdinand Baake (1800–1881) in: Description of the large organ of the Marienkirche in Wismar and the large organ of the cathedral and the St. Martinikirche in Halberstadt . A contribution to the illumination and appreciation of the peculiar views and principles of the music director Wilke zu Neu-Ruppin with regard to the art of organ building. This publication was sent an open letter to the music director W. Bach in Berlin, organist Baake in Halberstadt and organist Friese in Wismar, regarding the newly built organ in the St. Marienkirche in Wismar, and the achievements of the organ builder Mr. Schulze from Paulinzell , in organ building , which Wilke had written under his title " Music Director in Neu-Ruppin " for the new organ from 1839 to 1841. The Urania , a "musical journal for instruction and entertainment for Germany organist," evaluated 1,847 summarize the dispute under the heading 'struggles in the field of organ building ".

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Gerber, Ernst Ludwig: New historical-biographical lexicon of the Tonkünstler… , 2nd part [EI], Leipzig 1812, column 414
  2. ↑ Schilling, Gustav (editor): Encyclopedia of the Entire Musical Sciences or Universal Lexicon of Tonkunst . New edition. Volume 6, Verlag von Franz Heinrich Köhler, Stuttgart 1840, keyword “Wilke”, p. (867-869) 867
  3. ^ Julius August Becker: History of the Lodge Ferdinand to the red eagle in the O [rient] of Neu-Ruppin, during the first fifty years of its existence . Neu-Ruppin 1862.
  4. ↑ Allgemeine Musikische Zeitung , Leipzig, 13th year 1811, No. 13 and 14, col. 217-224 et al. 231-239.
  5. ↑ Allgemeine Musikische Zeitung , Leipzig, 18th year 1816, No. 7 a. 8., col. 97-103 et al. 113-117
  6. ^ Necrology: Johann Tobias Turley. In Allgemeine Musikalische Zeitung , 31st year 1829, col. 551.
  7. ↑ Official Gazette of the Government of Potsdam of September 7, 1821, p. 182 Ordinance and Announcement No. 177 of August 24, 1821, church organ building .
  8. ^ Submission by the Berlin organ builder Ernst Marx (II) dated May 24, 1842; Article by the Templin cantor J. Chr. Koch in " Urania ", 6th year 1849 No. 5, p. 52.
  9. ↑ Hackel, Wolfram: The new organ 1839–1841 in St. Marien Wismar by Johann Friedrich Schulze and the dispute with music director Friedrich Wilke . In: “Wismar Contributions. Series of publications of the Archives of the Hanseatic City of Wismar ”, Issue 17, Ed .: Archives of the Hanseatic City of Wismar (2011), pp. (4-25) 21; DNB 013930435
  10. ↑ Urania. A musical magazine for instruction for Germany's organists, as well as for authorities, clergy and friends of the organ and organ playing . 5. Vol. 6, Ed. Gotthilf Wilhelm Körner (1809–1865), Erfurt 1848, pp. 87–96
  11. ↑ Oscar Paul : Hand Lexikon der Tonkunst. Leipzig 1873, Volume 2, p. 206.
  12. ↑ Wilke: About the invention of the pipe works with penetrating tongues ; Wiikisource: “About the invention of the pipe works with penetrating tongues”. From “Allgemeine Musikalische Zeitung”, Vol. 25, Sp. 149–155
  13. ^ Official Journal of the Government of Potsdam of April 27, 1821, p. 76, Personalchronik
  14. ↑ G. Schilling: The musical Europe. Speyer 1842, p. 359; Digital copy: Books Google, keyword: "Wilke, C. Friedrich"
  15. ^ Necrology . In: Allgemeine Musikalische Zeitung , No. 48 of November 29, 1848, column 772.
  16. ^ Yearbooks of the German National Association for Music and Science . First year 1839, March 1839, p. 4; BSM Munich, Scan 16: "Musikdirector Wilke" under "C. Honorary Members "
  17. ↑ Wilke, Friedrich: On the correct appreciation of a letter from the organist C. Gerlach zu Neu-Brandenburg ... , Hamburg / Leipzig 1846, p. 34.
  18. ^ Annals of the Friedrichs-Wilhelms-Gymnasium zu Neuruppin, Berlin 1915, p. 37; General mus. Zeitung, Volume 47, No. 23, Leipzig June 4, 1845, Col. 400.
  19. ^ Friedrich Wilke . In: Allgemeine Musikalische Zeitung , Leipzig 1841, Volume 43 August No. 32 Column 639 f .; Digital copy: Books Google
  20. ^ Nekrolog (obituary) in: Allgemeine Musikalische Zeitung, No. 48 of November 29, 1848, column 774.
  21. ^ Oettinger, Eduard Maria: Moniteur des Dates , reprint of the edition from 1868, Norderstedt 2016; ISBN 978-3-7411-1368-0
  22. ^ Nekrolog (obituary) in: Allgemeine Musikalische Zeitung , No. 48 of November 29, 1848, column 770
  23. ↑ Allgemeine Musikalische Zeitung , No. 51 of December 20, 1848, column 832
  24. ↑ Can be borrowed from: SLUB Dresden ; Title contains an image of the "Octochord"
  25. ↑ On the correct appreciation of a letter from the organist C. Gerlach zu Neu-Brandenburg, in the new magazine for music 1845 No. 46 printed, and illumination of the diatribe by the cathedral organist F. Baake zu Halberstadt by Friedrich Wilke, music director ; Digitized
  26. ^ Nekrolog (obituary) in: Allgemeine Musikalische Zeitung , No. 48 of November 29, 1848, columns 770-777.
  27. ^ Verlag R. Frantz, Halberstadt [1846]; Digital collections BSB
  28. ↑ Wolfram Hackel: The new organ 1839–1841 in St. Marien Wismar by Johann Friedrich Schulze and the dispute with music director Friedrich Wilke. In: Wismar contributions. Series of publications by the Archives of the Hanseatic City of Wismar, issue 17. Ed .: Archives of the Hanseatic City of Wismar (2011), pp. 4–25.
  29. ^ Verlag Schuberth, Hamburg 1845.
  30. ^ Fourth volume, No. 5/1847, pp. 65–70.

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Wilke, Christian Friedrich Gottlieb
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Wilke, Friedrich; Wilke, Christian Friedrich Gottlob
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German organist and music teacher
DATE OF BIRTH March 13, 1769
PLACE OF BIRTH Spandau
DATE OF DEATH July 31, 1848
Place of death Treuenbrietzen