Peace of Lambeth

Lambeth Palace in London, where peace was made in 1217

The Peace of Lambeth , also known as the Peace of Kingston , was a peace treaty concluded on September 20, 1217 between the English King Henry III. and the French Prince Ludwig . He ended the First Barons' War .

Since no copy of the contract has been received, the exact dates and details of the contract are uncertain.

prehistory

During the First Barons' War, a group of barons rebelling against the English King John Ohneland offered the English crown to the French Prince Ludwig. Ludwig landed in England with a French army in May 1216 and claimed the English throne as a result of the offer from the barons and as the husband of Blanka of Castile , a granddaughter of King Henry II of England. However, he had not succeeded in decisively defeating King John. The Scottish King Alexander II also joined the war on the side of the rebels. After King John died in October 1216, his followers crowned his underage son Heinrich as the new King of England. The regent William Marshal was able to decisively defeat a united army of the rebels and the French at the Battle of Lincoln in May 1217 . Immediately after this defeat, the French prince tried to negotiate a peace, but negotiations stalled during the summer. However, after a French supply fleet was defeated at Sandwich in August , the war was finally decided. Peace negotiations resumed on August 28th. On September 12th, Prince Ludwig concluded with the papal legate Guala Bicchieri , the regent William Marshal, King Henry III. and his mother Isabella von Angoulême signed a peace treaty on an island in the Thames near Kingston upon Thames . The content of this treaty was ratified once more on September 20th by a major assembly of both parties at Lambeth Palace , the seat of the Archbishop of Canterbury in London.

content

In the negotiated contract, Prince Ludwig renounced his claim to the English throne. He released his English supporters from the oaths they had sworn on him, handed over the castles he held and withdrew with his troops from England, in addition he left the Channel Islands back to the English king. In return, which was excommunication lifted over him, which the papal legate had imposed on him for his war against the force as a papal fief England. In addition, Ludwig was to receive 10,000 marks as compensation . In addition, Ludwig should stand up for his father King Philip II , Heinrich III. to return the territories conquered by France to the Angevin Empire .

consequences

Prince Ludwig began his retreat on September 23 and left Dover from England on September 28 . On July 20, 1219 the peace treaty was renewed and on March 3, 1220 a four-year armistice was agreed for the possessions of the English king in south-west France. After this armistice had expired, however, Louis, who had meanwhile become King of France as Louis VIII, attacked the English possessions in southwestern France in May 1224 .

The Scottish King Alexander II was not involved in the negotiations in Kingston. However, the French prince had achieved for his ally that he could be included in the peace. Since September 1217 the Scots had behaved in a wait-and-see manner. On December 1, Alexander II had ordered the surrender of Carlisle and the other English territories still occupied, and in mid-December he had paid homage to the English king at Northampton for his English possessions. With that he got his English possessions back, which ended the war with Scotland.

literature

John Cannon: A Dictionary of British History . Oxford University Press, 2009, ISBN 978-0-19-955038-8

Individual evidence

^ David Carpenter: The minority of Henry III . University of California Press, Berkeley 1990. ISBN 0-520-07239-1 , p. 45
^ DA Carpenter: Eustace the Monk (c.1170-1217). In: Henry Colin Gray Matthew, Brian Harrison (Eds.): Oxford Dictionary of National Biography , from the earliest times to the year 2000 (ODNB). Oxford University Press, Oxford 2004, ISBN 0-19-861411-X , ( oxforddnb.com license required ), as of 2004
^ Archibald AM Duncan: Scotland. The Making of the Kingdom (The Edinburgh History of Scotland; Vol. I ). Oliver & Boyd, Edinburgh 1975. ISBN 0-05-00203-7-4 , p. 549.

[1] David Carpenter: The minority of Henry III . University of California Press, Berkeley 1990. ISBN 0-520-07239-1 , p. 45

[2] DA Carpenter: Eustace the Monk (c.1170-1217). In: Henry Colin Gray Matthew, Brian Harrison (Eds.): Oxford Dictionary of National Biography , from the earliest times to the year 2000 (ODNB). Oxford University Press, Oxford 2004, ISBN 0-19-861411-X , ( oxforddnb.com license required ), as of 2004

[3] Archibald AM Duncan: Scotland. The Making of the Kingdom (The Edinburgh History of Scotland; Vol. I ). Oliver & Boyd, Edinburgh 1975. ISBN 0-05-00203-7-4 , p. 549.