Peace of Vienna (1864)

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Map of the territorial changes caused by the German-Danish War

The Peace of Vienna was a peace treaty between Prussia , Austria and Denmark signed in Vienna on October 30, 1864 . He ended the German-Danish War . The treaty was ratified by Denmark on November 12 and by Prussia and Austria on November 14, 1864 . The exchange of the ratification documents took place on November 16, 1864 in Vienna.

history

After the assault on the Düppeler Schanzen and the occupation of the island of Alsen by the allied Prussian and Austrian troops, first negotiations on a ceasefire began at the request of the Danish government . On July 18, 1864 , an agreement was signed in Christiansfeld , the northernmost town in the Duchy of Schleswig , according to which hostilities on land and at sea should cease from midday on July 20 until evening on July 30. The agreement was then extended for four days to August 3.

On July 25, the plenipotentiaries of Austria, Prussia and Denmark - Count Rechberg and Baron Brenner for Austria , Otto von Bismarck and Freiherr von Werther for Prussia , George Quaade and Colonel Heinrich Kaufmann for Denmark - also met in Vienna for a peace conference and had agreed on the peace preliminaries on August 1st .

The preliminaries consisted of five paragraphs . Denmark had to cede the three duchies of Schleswig, Holstein and Lauenburg to Austria and Prussia. They regulated financial compensation and the new boundary line. The last paragraph stipulated that the plenipotentiaries would immediately enter into negotiations on a definitive peace treaty . Schleswig, Holstein and Lauenburg came into an Austro-Prussian condominium .

This final peace treaty was then signed on October 30, 1864. The treaty consisted of 24 articles and fully confirmed the content of the July 25th peace preliminaries. After the German War in 1866, the three duchies fell to Prussia in 1867. A final peace treaty was never concluded by Prussia despite several Danish requests.

Excerpt from the Vienna Peace Treaty of October 30, 1864

Article 1: "In the future and for the long term, there should be peace and friendship between their majesties the Emperor of Austria and the King of Prussia on the one hand and the King of Denmark on the other hand, as well as between their heirs and successors and their mutual states and subjects."

Article 3: “His Majesty the King of Denmark renounces all His rights to the Duchies of Schleswig, Holstein and Lauenburg in favor of Her Majesties the Emperor of Austria and the King of Prussia, and undertakes to comply with the dispositions made by Her Majesties with regard to these Duchies will meet to recognize. "

Article 24: "The present treaty will be ratified, and the ratifications are to be exchanged in Vienna within three weeks or, if possible, earlier."

"As a document of this, the relevant authorized representatives signed it and sealed it with their coat of arms."

"This is what happened in Vienna on the 30th day of October in the year of salvation, 1864."

literature

  • Ulrich Lappenküper , Oliver Auge , Ulf Morgenstern (ed.): The Peace of Vienna 1864. A German, European and global event. Schöningh, Paderborn 2016; ISBN 978-3-506-78525-1 .
  • Caroline Elisabeth Weber: The Peace of Vienna of 1864. Perceptions by contemporaries in the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein until 1871. Peter Lang Edition, Frankfurt am Main 2015; ISBN 978-3-631-66729-3 .
  • Tobias Köhler: The Vienna Peace of 1864 in the Schleswig-Holstein press, in: Democratic history. Yearbook for Schleswig-Holstein, Vol. 27, 2016, pp. 11–42.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Henning Matzen: The North Schleswig optant question . Copenhagen 1904. p. 1.