Peace games

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With the generic term peace games, game education characterizes the entirety of games that get by without winners and losers and whose set of rules is geared towards an aggressive, non-competitive, peaceful coexistence of the gaming community. The singular term peace game is used to denote a single game such as the globe game .

Emergence

Peace games represent a relatively young genre within the framework of gaming history. The generic term only appears in the wake of and from the ideas of the peace movement of the 1960s and 1970s in gaming literature. The peace games developed parallel to and in exchange with the New Games movement , which aimed to change the prevailing game culture in the USA . The inventors wanted to set a contrast to the war games that appeared to be overrepresented and competitive sports games , which were already characterized by a corresponding terminology. The game stock was made up of well-known and new game forms, which were formed as a separate genre under the peace idea. A large part of the game repertoire grew out of the so-called small games , which were handed down from antiquity and which have been revived and supplemented in the German cultural sector since Guts Muths and Jahn under educational ambitions. From the American New Games, other game creations were added as so-called ' New Games '. 

character

The peace games are essentially pedagogically and politically oriented forms of play that pursued educational purposes and wanted to influence the general attitude towards the game in the spirit of the peace idea. Under terms such as games without winners , games without losers , games without tears , a new game culture was to be created that - free from aggression and fighting - propagated fun instead of performance, togetherness instead of against one another, cooperation instead of competition and joint action without losing.

The new game culture was made known via television with a flood of publications and game collections and was practically brought to the attention of the general public at large folk and game festivals, but hardly practiced in free children's play. Their main concern was to push back the competitive sports and fighting games and the aggressive war games in the play area and to bring old and young, girls and boys and all social classes together in a game. The contrasting field of experience in gaming should also meet the gaming needs of the weaker, disabled, who always counts among the losers, and help them to new game perspectives and enjoyment beyond winning and losing.

evaluation

After the euphoria and boom in the 1970s, the assessment of human education through peace games has gradually given way to disillusionment and critical debate. In play education , the peace games are now one of the controversial forms of play for various reasons. Fearful thinking, wishful thinking and game reality are controversial in game education both in the war games and in the peace games. Siegbert A. Warwitz / Rudolf take up this dialogue and contrast the arguments of the critics and friends of the peace games in a detailed inventory. On the negative side, the low inclination to deal with alternative forms of play and contemplative play are the main points of criticism. On the other hand, the proponents criticize the instrumentalisation of the game, the overestimation of the transfer idea, the insufficient potential for tension and the consequent low acceptance by the players. The reality of the game shows - not only with the strong players - the occurrence of boredom and the demand for competition. Frederik Jacobus Johannes Buytendijk and Hans Scheuerl already warned against an exaggerated and thus impaired functionalization of the game. Nevertheless, certain forms of play, such as. B. the ' globe ', the 'dragon game' or the ' Gordian knot ', a community-building effect with high attractiveness cannot be denied. Peace games are therefore today, as far as they have freed themselves from the ideological bias, in game education as an alternative to one-sided competitive orientation and as an enrichment of the game possibilities.

literature

  • FJJ Buytendijk: The essence and meaning of the game . Berlin 1933
  • J. Deacove: Play without tears . 2 vols., 5th edition, Ettlingen 1985
  • Andrew Fluegelman / Shoshana Tembeck: New games. The new games . Vol. 1, 18th edition, Mülheim an der Ruhr 1996, ISBN 3-86072-000-7
  • Andrew Fluegelman: The new games . Vol. 2, 12th edition, Mülheim / Ruhr 1996
  • J. Griesbeck: Games without losers . Munich 1996
  • T. Orlick: New cooperative games. More than 200 competitive free games for kids and adults . 4th edition, Weinheim and Basel 1996
  • Anita Rudolf, Siegbert A. Warwitz: Playing - rediscovered. Basics-suggestions-help . Freiburg 1982
  • Hans Scheuerl: The game. Investigations into its nature, its pedagogical possibilities and limits . 11th edition, Weinheim and Basel 1990
  • HP Sibler u. a .: Games without a winner . Ravensburg 1976
  • Siegbert A. Warwitz, Anita Rudolf: From the sense of playing. Reflections and game ideas . 4th updated edition, Schneider, Baltmannsweiler 2016, ISBN 978-3-8340-1664-5 .

Web links

Wiktionary: Peace games  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Single receipts

  1. A. Fluegelman / p Tembeck: New games. Die neue Spiele Vol. 1, 18th edition, Mülheim an der Ruhr 1996
  2. A. Fluegelman: The new games Vol 2, 12th edition, Mülheim / Ruhr 1996th
  3. ^ HP Sibler ua: Games without a winner. Ravensburg 1976
  4. ^ J. Griesbeck: Games without losers. Munich 1996
  5. J. Deacove: Games without tears. 5th edition, Ettlingen 1985
  6. T. Orlick: New cooperative games. More than 200 competitive free games for kids and adults. 4th edition. Weinheim / Basel 1996.
  7. ^ A. Rudolf, SA Warwitz: Playing - rediscovered. Basics-suggestions-help. Herder, Freiburg 1982
  8. ^ SA Warwitz, A. Rudolf: Controversial forms of play . In: Dies .: The sense of playing. Reflections and game ideas . 4th updated edition, Schneider, Baltmannsweiler 2016, pp. 126–151
  9. ^ SA Warwitz / A. Rudolf: Peace Games . In: Dies .: The sense of playing. Reflections and game ideas . 4th updated edition, Schneider, Baltmannsweiler 2016, pp. 145–151
  10. FJJ Buytendijk: the nature and meaning of the game . Berlin 1933
  11. ^ H. Scheuerl: The game. Investigations into its nature, its pedagogical possibilities and limits . 11th edition, Weinheim and Basel 1990