Frioul Islands
| Frioul Islands | ||
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| Waters | Rade de Marseille, Golfe du Lion , Mediterranean | |
| Geographical location | 43 ° 17 ' N , 5 ° 18' E | |
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| Number of islands | 4th | |
| Main island | Pomègues | |
| Total land area | 2 km² | |
| Residents | 146 (2015) | |
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The Frioul Islands (French Archipel du Frioul ) are a group of islands four kilometers west of the French port city of Marseille in the Mediterranean Sea . They form the Les Îles district in the 7th arrondissement of Marseille.
geography
The archipelago consists of the following four islands:
- Pomègues in the south,
- Ratonneau in the north,
- Île d'If in the east of the two main islands and
- Tiboulen to the west of Ratonneau, the smallest of the islands.
The population is around 150 and the area around 200 ha .
Pomègues is 2.7 km and Ratonneu is 2.5 km. The highest point is at 89 m on Pomègues. Tiboulen is the Provencal name for petit bout d'île , which means something like island tip or island piece . Parts of the novel The Count of Monte Christo by Alexandre Dumas are set on the Île d'If, in what was then the Château d'If prison .
history
The islands were used in the 18th century during a plague epidemic (1720) as a quarantine station for travelers from the city of Marseille. The waters and landscapes of the archipelago were declared Parc Maritime des Îles du Frioul , a kind of nature reserve, by the Marseilles City Council in 2002 . Camping and open fire are therefore prohibited. Numerous tourists and especially divers visit the islands, which are only 15 minutes by boat from the port.
The islands Pomègues and Ratonneau are with the dam Digue de Berry - or after the Duke of Berry and Berry-dike called - linked. The building was built between 1822 and 1824 on behalf of the French government based on plans by Michel-Robert Penchaud (1772-1833), architect of the city of Marseille and the Bouches-du-Rhône department .
The reason for the construction was a yellow fever epidemic that broke out in cities on the Mediterranean Sea around 1820 . The trading city of Marseille was also affected by this previously unknown disease . The dam, a kind of bulwark, behind which the port of Dieudonné, an approximately 25 hectare quarantine basin , was built and a hospital was built, was supposed to ward off the danger of a new epidemic that had struck the city a hundred years earlier in the form of the plague . Today called Port Frioul , this port, where the supply ships dock and cast off, is mainly used by sailors.
The hospital on Ratonneau, also planned by Michel-Robert Penchaud, was to become an exemplary sanitary facility with an almost radical level of hygiene for the time, to ward off all risks of infection and therefore also to be subject to an order similar to a prison. The location was ideal in that Pomègues and Ratonneau are in front of Marseille and the neighboring Château d'If was anyway a prison. The Hôpital Caroline , named after Maria Karoline of Naples-Sicily , the wife of the Duc de Berry, was opened in 1828 after five years of construction.
It was later taken over by the army, which used it as a temporary storage facility for the soldiers operating in the North African colonies . Today the former hospital is used for exhibitions and other cultural events during the summer season.
literature
- G. Vissering: Eene quarantaine of Les Iles du Frioul. Van Kampen, Amsterdam 1902
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Archipelago du Frioul.
- ^ Map of the districts of Marseille on the website of the French statistical office INSEE, accessed July 22, 2015